乡村旅游扶贫模式创新与策略深化

INNOVATION AND STRATEGY OF RURAL TOURISM POVERTY ALLEVIATION

关键词:  旅游扶贫 乡村旅游 立体扶贫 精准扶贫 重庆模式

Key words:  tourism poverty alleviation  rural tourism  three-dimensional poverty alleviation  precision poverty alleviation  Chongqing mode

摘要:

我国贫困乡村旅游资源丰富、人力充沛，全国一半以上贫困乡村都具备发展乡村旅游的条件，旅游扶贫是行之有效的科学路径。文章总结了旅游扶贫具有贫困人口参与面广、扶贫效果快、返贫率低、防止贫困现象代际传递的突出优势和特点，并根据党中央“三位一体”扶贫格局，在梳理各地扶贫经验和模式的基础上，阐述了旅游扶贫是贫困乡村产业化扶贫的最佳路径和中坚力量，提出了乡村旅游扶贫要强化战略引导，创新机制体制，充分发挥企业主体作用，大力发展乡村旅游产业，带动促进乡村一、二、三产业融合发展。该文还重点分析了重庆市乡村旅游扶贫的“旅游+片区开发、旅游+N（农业、文体、商贸等）”模式，认为重庆市实施政府主导、政策引领，因地制宜、多元发展，整合资源、立体扶贫，创新机制、多样带动的乡村旅游扶贫成功经验值得推广、学习和借鉴。

Abstract:

In recent years, China attaches great importance to rural poverty alleviation and development, and proposes to make full use of rural resources to develop characteristic industries and the rural economy. The meeting of the Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Work put forward that the plan of poverty alleviation should be succeed and ensure all rural poverty and poverty population together into a well-off society in 2020. In our country, the poor rural areas have rich tourism resources and abundant manpower, more than half of the national rural poverty has the condition to develop rural tourism, and tourism poverty alleviation is the scientific path of poverty alleviation. According to the requirements "Special poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation, and social poverty alleviation trinity pattern of poverty alleviation" proposed by the Party Central Committee, on the basis of the shaping poverty alleviation pattern in different regions, this paper summarized the outstanding advantages and characteristics of tourism poverty alleviation which included wide poverty population joined, fast poverty alleviation effect, low rate of return poverty reverse, and not inter-generational transmission of poverty phenomena. At the same time, it expounded that the tourism poverty alleviation was the best route and main strength for industrialization poverty alleviation in the poor area, and put forward that the rural tourism poverty alleviation needed to strengthen the strategic guidance, innovate mechanism system, give full play to the enterprises as main body, develop the rural tourism industry vigorously and mix primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry together in rural area, and help the poor people alleviate poverty and become prosperous . The article also analyzed the rural tourism alleviation model of "tourism + area development, tourism + N ( agriculture, stylistic, commerce, etc.)" in Chongqing, and consider the experiences such as the policy of government dominance, policy leading, adjust measures to local conditions, diversified development, integrate resources, three-dimensional poverty alleviation, innovation mechanism, diverse driving mode was worth learning. It concluded that the pattern of poverty alleviation should turn into hematopoietic mode, transform the single funds poverty alleviation into system poverty alleviation and industrialization poverty alleviation, and focus on the talent, market, technology and knowledge assistance．