我国产业结构转型对农村劳动力转移吸纳效率的实证研究

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF THE INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING ON THE RURAL LABOR TRANSFER

关键词:  中国产业结构转型 农村劳动力转移 吸纳效率 数据包络分析

Key words:  China  industrial restructuring  the rural labor transfer  absorption efficiency  DEA

摘要:

文章将产业结构与农村劳动力转移结合起来，采用《中国统计年鉴》及各省、市、自治区统计年鉴中的相关数据，保持数据的连贯性和一致性，参照何建新的计算方法，具体测算出我国30个省、市、自治区农村劳动力转移人口数。并在此基础上，采用数据包络分析方法，基于VRS模式下以产出为导向的BCC模型，以农村劳动力转移人员占就业人员的比重为输出变量，以就业结构偏离度、产业成长程度及城镇化率为输入变量，估算我国30个省、市、自治区2005～2014年产业结构转型对农村劳动力转移的吸纳效率。研究发现： (1）由于我国各地区产业发展同质现象比较严重，出现了整体技术效率虚高的假象。(2）东部地区在户籍制度，资本、技术对劳动力替代等因素的影响下规模效率相对较低，从而导致其综合效率较低。(3）西部地区未充分发挥好当地的资源优势，综合效率相对较低。在此基础上针对不同区域吸纳效率的差异提出相应的对策建议。

Abstract:

Combined industrial structure and rural labor transfer, this paper measured and calculated population of rural labor transfer from 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, based on the data from statistical yearbook of China, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions using He Jianxin's calculation method. And then, it estimated the absorption efficiency of the industrial restructuring on the rural labor transfer from 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions based on output oriented BCC model, in which the output variable was the proportion of the numbers of rural labor transfer accounting for the employed population, the input variables included employment structure deviation degree, the degree of industry growth, and urbanization rate. The results showed that (1) the overall technical efficiency appeared inflated illusion due to serious homogenization phenomenon in the process of development of regional industrial structure.(2) the scale efficiency in eastern region was relatively low because of the influence of household registration system and capital and technology. (3) the western region did not give full play the local resources superiority so that the comprehensive efficiency was relatively low. Finally, it put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the different absorption efficiency of the industrial restructuring on the rural labor transfer in different areas.