农村空心化背景下的农业雇工现状与特征简析

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF RURAL HOLLOWING

关键词:  农村空心化 农业雇工现状 农业雇工费用 农业雇工特征 农村劳动力流失

Key words:  rural hollowing  the current situation of agricultural employees  the employment cost  the employment characteristics  the loss of rural labor force

摘要:

农村大量青壮劳动力进入城市逐步形成空心化，与农忙时节的农村劳动力供给不足形成鲜明矛盾。文章在对广东省阳东县大沟镇、河南省原阳县葛埠口乡葛庄村以及四川省西充县黄竹坝村等地进行实地调研的基础上，结合2014年4月社会资源研究所发布的关于中国农业雇工现状的报告，从对农村空心化背景下的农业雇工现状的研究中发现我国广大农村地区存在雇工难、雇工费用上涨等现象，接着对这种现象的成因进行分析农业规模化和产业化对劳动力需求增加、失地农民数量增加及农民观念的转变，并通过文献研究与个案分析相结合的方法，揭示了空心化背景下农业雇工的特征即：农村空心化使农业雇工具有技能水平低、年龄性别失衡、易季节性失业、权益难以保障、工作成本高等特征，最后从加强业务培训、细化生产环节、加强社会保障3个方面提出建议以保障空心化背景下农业雇工的健康发展。

Abstract:

With the transfer of large rural labor forces into the city, the hollow phenomenon appears in the countryside, which leads not enough supply of the rural labor force during the growing season. Based on the field survey in Yangdong county Guangdong province, Yuanyang country Henan province, and Xichong country Sichuan province, and combined with the research report released in April 2014 on the situation of Chinese agricultural employees, this paper discussed the present situation of agricultural employees under the background of rural hollowing, for example, it was hard to employ and the employment cost was very high. And then it analyzed the causes of this phenomenon such as the increase demand of labor forces due to the agricultural scale and industrialization, the increase number of land-lost farmers, and the transfer of the farmers' minds. Combining the literature research and case analysis method, it revealed the characteristics of the agricultural employment, i.e., rural hollowing had resulted in the agricultural workers with low skill level, gender imbalance, seasonal unemployment, no rights and interests, and so on. Finally, it proposed to strengthen business training, refine production links, and enhance the social security to ensure the healthy development of the agricultural employment.