我国畜禽养殖污染分区治理研究

PARTITION CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY BREEDING POLLUTION IN CHINA

关键词:  畜禽养殖 污染负荷 分区治理

Key words:  livestock and poultry breeding  pollution load  partition management

摘要:

随着我国畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展，畜禽养殖污染已经成为我国重要的污染源，威胁着我国的水环境和土壤环境等。文章利用我国各省畜禽养殖污染统计年鉴数据，依据各区的畜禽养殖污染总量压力、土地负荷压力和地表水负荷压力以及经济负荷压力等级对我国主要畜禽养殖污染区域特征进行了分析。结果表明，黄淮海地区为H-H-H-H型畜禽养殖污染区，是我国畜禽养殖污染压力最大的地区； 青藏高原区为L-L-L-L型畜禽养殖污染区，是我国畜禽养殖污染压力最小的地区； 东北区和东南区畜禽养殖污染压力也较大，分别为H-M-M-H型畜禽养殖污染区和H-H-L-M型畜禽养殖污染区； 蒙新高原区和黄土高原区畜禽养殖污染压力中等，分别为H-M-M-H型畜禽养殖污染区和H-H-L-M型畜禽养殖污染区； 西南山地区畜禽养殖污染压力中等偏低，为M-M-L-L型畜禽养殖污染区。基于上述研究，该文对各区畜禽养殖污染的分区环境治理提出了若干针对性建议。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, livestock has become an important source of pollution in China, which threatens water environment and soil environment. Based on the provincial livestock pollution data of statistical yearbook, this paper analyzed the main features of China′s regional livestock pollution according to the district total livestock pollution pressure, cultivated land load pollution pressure, land surface water load pollution pressure and economic load pollution pressure level. The results showed that Huang-huai-hai areawas the largest livestock pollution pressure area in Chinawith H-H-H-H type. Qinghai Tibet plateau area was the minimum pressure area of livestock pollution in China with L-L-L-L type. The livestock pollution pressure in northeast area and southeast area were higher and showed H-M-M-H and H-H-L-M type, respectively, while the livestock and poultry breeding pollution in Mongolia-Xinjiang plateau area and the Loess Plateau area were in medium pressure, and showed H-M-M-H type and H-H-L-M type; The pressure of livestock pollution in southwest mountain area was low and showed M-M-L-L type. Finally, this paper put forward some suggestions for the partition environmental management of the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding.