加快推进新疆巴州农业产业结构优化升级的思考和建议

SUGGESTIONS ON PROMOTING THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE IN BAYINGUOLENG MONGOL AUTONOMOUS PREFECTUREXINJIANG

关键词:  巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 产业结构调整 优化 现代农业

Key words:  Bayinguoleng Mongol autonomous prefecture  upgrading of agricultural structure  modern agriculture

摘要:

新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州历史悠久，素有“华夏第一州”美誉，地处新疆东南部，“丝绸之路经济带”核心区，区位优势明显，发展现代农业的经济、社会和自然等基础条件相对优越，是新疆重要的棉花、粮食等农产品生产基地。近年来巴州经济社会保持了良好的发展势头，特别是农业领域，全州棉花、粮食、特色农产品、设施农业等产业发展迅速，农业产业结构呈现出多样化发展的态势，农业农村发展持续向好，农民收入水平稳步提高。但受自然生态脆弱、国内外市场波动、成本不断提高、自身结构不合理等因素影响，现代农业发展仍存在诸多不确定因素，严重制约了农业产业优化升级。文章梳理总结巴州发展现代农业的一系列优势，系统分析当前农业产业结构及主要特征，粮食、棉花、油塘、特色经济作物等主要产业的发展趋势和现状，指出制约现代农业发展和结构调整的因素，从管理、生态保护、促进产业发展、加工产业升级、创新产业化经营模式等角度提出加快农业产业结构优化升级的总体思路和合理化建议，从而加快推进巴州现代农业发展。

Abstract:

Bayinguoleng Mongol Autonomous Prefecturein Xinjiang has a brilliant and long history with splendid culture, which is located in the southeastern Xinjiang and the core area of the "silk road economic belt".It is the largest prefecture-level administrative region in China,accounting for about 5% of the China′s land area, so it iswidely known as "the first Chinese prefecture" for a long time. In recent years,the economic and social development had made great achievements,especially in the field of agriculture. It is a traditional production base for the cotton, grain, oil-bearing crops, sugar, vegetables and other primary agricultural products. But there were still some uncertain factors in agricultural development, which hampered the agricultural industrial upgrading due to the fragile ecology, water scarcity, agricultural commodities price fluctuations, high production cost, and irrational agricultural structure. This paper summarized the economic, social, natural and other basic conditions developing modern agriculture,analyzed the agricultural structures of grain, cotton, oil-bearing crops, sugar, vegetables and other primary agricultural products, pointed out the factors restricting the development of modern agriculture and upgrading of agricultural structure, i.e., the weak foundation of sustainable development of agriculture,low-level of agricultural industrialization, frequent price fluctuations in the international agricultural market,small-scale agricultural production, and low-level of financial support system.At last, it proposed some reasonable suggestions for promoting agricultural development and industrial upgrading, such as enhancing government management, strengthening ecological protection, improving the comprehensive grain production capacity, promoting the upgrading of cotton industrial structure, developing the processing of agricultural products, and accelerating agricultural industry business model innovation.