种养一体化循环农业园区的接口技术及其生态经济效益分析

ANALYSIS OF INTERFACING TECHNOLOGY AND ECO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY PARK

关键词:  华北平原 种养一体规模化 循环农业 接口技术 效益分析

Key words:  North China Plain  mixed crop-livestock  recycling agricultural  interfacing technology  benefit analysis

摘要:

随着种植业和养殖业规模的不断扩大，种养一体规模化、集约化将成为今后华北平原农业发展的必然趋势。针对种植业和养殖业之间缺乏协调互补的“种养分离”模式造成种养系统间物质循环割裂，大量资源浪费、能量高耗和环境污染等问题，以华北平原河北省某种养一体化生态循环农业园区为例，采用实地调查和实证分析的方法，系统分析了该循环模式种植、养殖、沼气和有机肥发酵、饲料加工和秸秆青贮模块组成、相关接口技术体系以及对农业种植-饲料加工-生猪养殖-屠宰加工-销售和农业种植（饲草、秸秆）-肉牛、奶牛养殖以及养殖废弃物-沼气发酵-沼渣沼液-有机肥-蔬菜种植等多条循环链构成的物质资源循环再生模式进行了效益分析。结果表明：秸秆加工饲料、沼气发酵和有机肥还田等关键“接口”技术是物质循环和能量流动的核心，提高了系统的运行效率； 该模式的运行实现了产品年总收入4 314万元，节约化肥及用电成本1 796.8万元，减排温室气体65 114.53tCO2-eq·a-1，解决了面源污染、资源损耗等问题，具有明显的生态经济效益。该园区循环农业模式对华北平原区域农业可持续发展具有引领和示范带动作用，可为建立本区域农业废弃物高效利用的循环农业生产模式及相关技术体系提供科学依据和政策建议。

Abstract:

With the continuous expansion of the scale of planting and breeding, the large-scale and intensive of planting and breeding systems become an inevitable trend in the future development of agriculture in North China Plain. The lack of coordination and complementary of the separate model of planting and breeding causes that the material cycle of planting and breeding systems is split, a lot of resources are wasted, and high energy consumption and environment pollution happen. By the methods of field investigation and empirical analysis, this paper analyzed the agricultural benefit of a recycling agriculture industry park in Hebei province, which included many sub-modes, such as planting, pig and cattle breeding, large-scale biogas project, feed processing and straw silage and organic fertilizer production. The results showed that the recycling chains had been formed in the agricultural park, which were maize-feeding-pig breeding-pig dressing-sale and maize and forage-cattle breeding- fermenting methane-biogas residue-organic fertilizer-vegetable planting. These chains had the high multi-transmission of energy and recycling of resources, which resolved the deficit of resources and energy in the planting and breeding system, and achieved remarkable eco-economic benefits.As the leading and demonstration in the agricultural sustainable development in North China plain, the sale revenue of the park from wheat and vegetables of planting system was total 15.3 million Yuan, and 27.84 million Yuan from pork, beef, cooked food processing and milk of breeding. Biogas engineering can save 2.733 million Yuan due to the alternative industrial electricity and the decrease of the environmental pollution and production of organic fertilizer indirectly.The straw feed processing, biogas fermentation, organic fertilizer to cropland and other key interfacing technology were the core of material circulation and energy flow of whole system. The park mode can reduce greenhouse gas emissions 65114.53t CO2-eqoa-1 and solve non-point source pollution, resource depletion and other issues. This result will provide a scientific basis and policy recommendation to achieve resource-saving and environment-friendly modern recycling of sustainable development agriculture.