农村宅基地使用制度改革研究进展及展望

PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS OF THE REFORM OF RURAL HOMESTEAD USE SYSTEM POLICY

关键词:  农村宅基地 使用制度改革 政策 研究进展

Key words:  the rural homestead  use system reform  policy  the research progress

摘要:

我国农村宅基地使用制度改革政策虽然处于初级的探索阶段，但现有宅基地使用制度改革试点区政策对于探索农村土地使用制度改革具有重大意义。在查阅大量文献资料的基础上，文章首先对国外产权界定、市场交易、治理结构以及居民点建设进行阐释，再从我国宅基地使用制度的变迁、制度障碍及改革着力点、宅基地使用制度改革效果3个方面进行详细的归纳总结。结果发现，当前农村宅基地使用制度改革提升了农民生产效率和生活水平，缓解了宅基地闲置、一户多宅和低效利用等问题，但宅基地使用制度改革仍然以政府主导为主，缺乏考虑农民的利益诉求和保障机制。因此，我国农村宅基地使用制度改革政策还应该针对农民的实际诉求，发挥市场的主导作用，建立完善的农民利益保障机制，谨慎推进改革速度。

Abstract:

Although China′s rural residential land use system reform policy is at the beginning of the exploratory stage, the existing residential land use system reform pilot area policy is of great significance to the reform of rural land use system. On the basis of consulting a large number of document literature, this paper firstly elaborated the rural land system reform in foreign countries, and then summarized the problems of land use system, reform policies, and the effect of land use system. It found that the current reform of rural land use system improved the farmers′ productivity and living standards, reduced the idle rate, alleviated curtilage and inefficient utilization. However, the reform of rural land use system was still under the leading of government, farmers had less guarantee mechanism to protect their rights. Finally, it put forward some suggestions, including that China′s rural land use system reform policies should be based on the farmers′ actual demands, and the guarantee mechanism should be first established before the land use system reform.