农户农地流转经营效益及其成因研究——基于新疆179份农户问卷调查

OPERATIONAL BENEFITS OF FARMLAND TRANSFER AND ITS CAUSES——BASED ON 179 HOUSEHOLDS SURVEY DATA IN XINJIANG

关键词:  农户 土地流转 经济效益 成因分析 处置效应模型

Key words:  households  land transfer  economic benefits  cause analysis  treatment-effects model

摘要:

［目的］从农户经营角度研究流转耕地与非流转耕地之间的经济效益差异，并找出造成差异的成因，为提高土地经营效益，加快土地流转提供参考依据。［方法］基于农户投入产出调查数据，采用对比分析方法研究流转耕地与非流转耕地之间的经济效益差异，借助多元线性回归和处置效应模型研究造成经济效益差异的成因。［结果］耕地流转后的地块面积均有不同程度的扩大，但单位面积产出减少；耕地流转后土地租金等非物质投入增加，导致单位耕地净收入低于非流转耕地；流转耕地用于种植经济作物的收益高于粮食作物；农业收入占家庭收入比重和土地确权对单位耕地流转的经济效益有显著正向影响，而耕地地块面积有显著负向影响；户主民族属性、家庭人均耕地面积和地区差异对耕地是否流转产生显著正向影响，而户主年龄、受教育年限和土地流转风险认知对耕地是否流转产生显著的负向影响。［结论］土地流转实现了规模化经营，过高的土地租金等非物质投入是导致耕地流转后经济效益下降的主要原因，进而导致“去粮化”问题突出；提高农户家庭农业收入占比、合理配置投入生产要素、加快土地确权登记有利于提高单位流转耕地经济效益。

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to research the differences of economic benefits between circulation land and non-circulation land from the perspective of household management, and find out the causes, in order to improve the land management benefit and provide a reference to speed up the land circulation. Based on the input and output data of household arable land in Xinjiang, the paper analyzed economic benefits differences between circulation land and non-circulation land by comparative analysis, and analyzed the causes of economic benefits differences with the multiple linear regression and treatment-effects model. The results showed that the scale of arable land circulation had been expanded, but the output of circulation farmland per hectare was lower than that of non-circulation farmland; the profit margin of the transfer land significantly decreased because of the increase of employee costs and land rents; the economic benefits of food crops were inferior to that of economic crops. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that proportion of agricultural income and land warrant had significantly positive impacts on the land economic benefits, but the area of the cropland was significantly negative.Treatment-effects model analysis showed that the ethnic of householders, household per capita land area and regional distribution produced influenced on land transfer positively, but the age and education of householders, the risk perception of land transfer were significantly negative. It concluded that the household achieved land scale management by land circulation, but the excessive non-material inputs such as land rent decreased the economic benefits of circulation lands, resulting in the issues of replacement of food crop on the circulation land. For improving the economic benefits of circulation land, it suggested to increase the households′ agricultural income proportion, rationally allocate input factors of production, and speed up the rural land ownership registration.