“三生用地”分类及其空间格局分析——以昌黎县为例

THE ECOLOGICAL-LIVING-INDUSTRIAL LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND THE ANALYSIS OF ITS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION——CASE OF CHANGLI COUNTY

关键词:  土地功能 三生用地 洛伦兹曲线 基尼系数 昌黎县

Key words:  land function  ecological-living-industrial land  Lorenz Curve  Gini Coefficient  Changli county

摘要:

由于我国现行的土地分类体系偏重于土地的生产、生活功能，对土地的生态特性考虑不够，将很多具有重要生态价值的土地归为未利用地，使得其因未得到应有的保护而被随意侵占。［目的］为了统筹推进经济、社会发展和生态文明建设，亟需明确各类土地的功能定位，尤其要在土地分类中加强对生态用地的考虑。［方法］文章以土地的生态、生产、生活功能为主导，同时兼顾其多功能性，将《土地利用现状分类》中的所有土地类型分为生态用地、生态生产用地、生产生态用地、生活生产用地四大类，构建“三生用地”分类体系。进而采用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的方法，以秦皇岛市昌黎县为例，分析了该县2014年“三生用地”的分布情况。［结论］结果表明：昌黎县生活生产用地、生产生态用地分布绝对平均； 生态生产用地分布相对合理，主要分布于两山乡、十里铺乡； 生态用地在全县各乡镇分布差距悬殊，主要分布在两山乡、昌黎镇及十里铺乡。基于县域四类用地在乡镇间分布的均匀程度差异，文章从土地利用结构调整和布局优化角度提出了相应的对策建议。

Abstract:

The current land use classification system only attached importance to the industrial and living function of lands, and ignored the ecological function. A lot of lands with important ecological value were classified as unused lands, which were occupied and unprotected. To promote the overall development of economic, social, and ecological civilization, it is essential to identify the function of various types of land, especially the ecological lands. Based on ecological, industrial and living function, this study built an ecological-living-industrial land classification system by dividing all types of land in the current land classification system into four categories, i.e., the ecological land, the ecological-industrial land, the industrial-ecological land, and the living-industrial land. Using the method of Employing Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient, this article studied the spatial distribution of the "ecological, living, and industrial" land of Changli county in 2014. The results indicated that the distributions of living-industrial land and industrial-ecological land were absolutely balanced; the distribution of ecological-industrial land was relatively reasonable, which mainly distributed in Liangshan and Shilipu; the ecological land was extremely uneven which mainly distributed in Liangshan, Changli town and Shilipu. Finally, it put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of land use structure adjustment and layout optimization.