中国农业文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素分析

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND AFFECTING FACTORS OF THE IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SYSTEMS IN CHINA

关键词:  农业文化遗产 地理信息系统 空间分析 地域特征 影响因素

Key words:  agricultural heritage  geographic information system  spatial analysis  regional characteristics  influence factors

摘要:

［目的］为更加全面掌握中国农业文化遗产资源空间分布规律及其影响因素，地理信息系统（GIS）作为定量化和可视化的分析方法具有重要意义。［方法］该研究尝试以中国境内已被全球重要农业文化遗产或中国重要农业文化遗产名录收录的62处农业文化遗产为数据源，通过ArcGIS 10.3的空间分析工具对农业文化遗产进行空间特征分析和核密度估计，并结合农业文化遗产的地域特征研究影响农业文化遗产空间分布的因素。［结果］（1）农业文化遗产呈带状分布、组团状分布，分布不均衡，总体空间分布类型属聚集型；（2）农业文化遗产地域间差异明显，主要集中于我国中部和东部，长江、黄河流域内多而流域外少，沿海多而内陆少，西南部多于西北部和东北部；（3）农业文化遗产的空间分布聚集区域有5个，主要以京津、浙东、陇东、黔东、滇西为核心；（4）影响农业文化遗产空间分布的主要因素是独特的地域资源、差异化的民族特点、复杂的文化生态环境。［结论］在开展农业文化遗产地保护工作时，地理信息系统的引入将为农业文化遗产地保护提供精准决策依据和数据支撑，未来需要深入发掘地理信息系统的数字化、信息化、可视化技术在农业文化遗产信息管理、资源评估、保护规划的运用深度和广度。

Abstract:

In order to research the spatial distribution rules and the influence factors of Chinese agricultural heritage, Geography Information System (GIS) as a quantificationand visualization tool has very important significance. Based on the data source of 62 agricultural cultural heritage in China, which was in the list of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems or Chinese Important Agricultural Heritage within the territory of the People′s Republic of China, this paper analyzed the spatial feature and estimated the kernel density of agricultural heritage using the spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS 10.3, and studied the factors affecting the spatial distribution of Agricultural Heritage in combination with the regional characteristics of agricultural heritage. The results showed that the structural types of the agricultural heritage in China can be divided into three classes, i.e., the most predominant class which included agricultural technology, agricultural products, agricultural species, and agricultural folk custom, the less predominant class which included agricultural sites, agricultural landscape, agricultural settlement, and the least predominant class which included agricultural engineering, agricultural tools, and agricultural literature. The distribution structure of the agricultural heritage showed a zonal, cluster and uneven shape, the overall spatial distribution type is in aggregated pattern. There was a significant regional difference in the quantity and density of agricultural heritage which mainly distributed in the coastal region, the Yangtze River basin, the Yellow River basin, and the Southwest region. The spatial distribution of agricultural heritage had five aggregation regions, mainly in Beijing and Tianjin, eastern of Zhejiang, eastern of Gansu, eastern of Guizhou, western of Yunnan. The main factors that influenced the spatial distribution of agriculture heritage were the geographic environments formed by the unique regional resources, the different characteristics of the nation and the complex cultural and ecological environment. It concluded that the application of geographic information system could provide accurate decision basis and data support for the protection of Agricultural Heritage. In the future, it should focus on these areas in agricultural heritage information management, resource evaluation, protection planning and quantitative analysis of related influencing factors, where can use the digitalization, information, visualization technology of geographic information system more deep and wide.