西部农业转移人口市民化的问题及对策研究

The Philosophy Department, the Party School of the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee, Chongqing 400041, China

关键词:  西部地区 农业转移人口 市民化 城镇化 美丽乡村建设 制度改革

Key words:  western region  transfer of agricultural population  citizenship  urbanization  the construction of beautiful countryside  institutional reform

摘要:

［目的］推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步把符合条件的农业转移人口转为城镇居民，是西部城乡一体化发展面临的首要难题，主要是解决“人往哪里去”的问题。［方法］定量分析和定性分析相结合、发展经济学中的刘易斯模型与托达罗模型是西部农业转移人口市民化所借鉴的主要方法。这些方法始终坚持把理论与实践、宏观分析与微观调研、批判与建构相结合，既注重共性与普遍性，又突出西部区域个性与特殊性。［结果］农业人口转移主要包括农村剩余劳动力的转移与农业人口向非农产业的转移2个部分，二者都是人口城市化过程。农业人口转移的方式主要是农业人口向非农业人口转移和农业人口从种植业向非种植业转移两种。西部地区农业人口转移应坚持城镇化、工业化、信息化和“三农”现代化“四化”并重发展，一方面，要推动实施工业化、城镇化战略转移农业剩余人口； 另一方面，要大力推进农业、农民和农村的现代化，推动“美丽乡村”建设，重视农业和农村对剩余劳动力的吸纳，改变单向度的城市化和工业化思维。［结论］西部农业转移人口市民化的关键在于制度的安排与创新，主要解决“转的进、稳得住、有保障、可持续”的问题。

Abstract:

Promoting the urbanization of the agricultural transferring population, and gradually transferring the agricultural residents into urban is the primary problem in the integration of urban and rural development in West China. The method of the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the Lewis model of development economics, and the Todaro model were used in this study. These methods had the advantages of the combination of the theory and practice, the macro and micro research, and the criticism and construction, which focused on not only the commonness and universality, but also the individuality and particularity. The results showed that agricultural population transfer mainly included the two parts, i.e., the transfer of rural surplus labor and the transfer of agricultural population to non-agricultural industry. The ways of the transfer of agricultural population were also two types, i.e., the transfer from agricultural population to non-agricultural population and from the planting industry to non-planting industry. It put forward some countermeasures for the agricultural population transfer in the western region, for example, it should coordinate the development of the urbanization, industrialization, modernization, and the "three rural" information, promote the transfer of rural surplus population, implement the strategy of industrialization and urbanization, promote the modernization of agriculture, farmers and rural areas, enhance the construction of "beautiful country", attach importance to agriculture and rural areas to absorb the surplus labor force, and transform the urbanization and industrialization idea. Furthermore, it pointed out that the key to realize the urbanization of the western agricultural population was the system arrangement and innovation, and to mainly solve the problems of "how to be transferred, how to be stable, how to be guaranteed, and how to be sustainable" in the western region.