四川丘区农村劳动力就业结构分析

ANALYSIS ON THE EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF RURAL LABOR FORCE IN THE HILLY AREA OF SICHUAN, CHINA

关键词:  农村劳动力 就业结构 产业结构偏离度 遂宁市

Key words:  rural labor force  employment structure  industrial structure deviation  Suining city

摘要:

［目的］随着新型城镇化的发展、农业产业的转型升级，农村劳动力的转移已成为中国社会经济可持续发展的重大现实问题。四川丘陵地区农业资源匮乏、农村劳动力年龄偏大、农民文化水平较低，农村剩余劳动力的转移成为中国农村劳动力转移中的难点和关键点。［方法］文章以丘陵低山区遂宁市为例，从农业产业结构、农村劳动力就业以及产业结构调整对农村劳动力就业结构的影响进行分析。［结果］研究结果表明，遂宁市大部分地区很难通过推进农业的现代化解放出大量的农业劳动力，且外出人口众多；第二产业在增加遂宁市农村劳动力就业的过程中发挥着主导作用，但同时也有向外转移农村劳动力的需求；第三产业未来吸纳农村劳动力就业的潜力较大。［结论］因此，必须采取有效措施，改造第一产业结构，挖掘劳动力就业潜力；优化第二产业结构，创造更多就业岗位； 推进第三产业发展，扩展劳动力吸纳空间，实现三产互动和增加就业的双重目标。

Abstract:

With the development of new urbanization, the transformation and upgrading of agricultural industry, the transfer of rural labor force has become a major practical problem of China′s social and economic sustainable development. Taking hilly and low mountain area in Suining city as an example, this paper analyzed the influence of industrial structure adjustment, agricultural industrial structure, employment of rural labor force on the employment structure of rural labor force using the employment elasticity coefficient and the deviation of industrial structure method. The results showed that: 1) it was difficult to liberate a large number of agricultural labor force through the modernization of agriculture in most of the Suining city. 2) The second industry played a leading role in the process of increasing the employment of rural labor force in Suining City, but at the same time there was a need to transfer the rural labor force during the period of 2000 and 2015. 3) From the whole point of view, the third industry had not obvious role in stimulating employment. The average coefficient of employment elasticity was only -0.004, which indicated it had great potential to absorb rural labor in the future. Therefore, it put forward some effective measures, such as reforming the first industry structure, tapping the potential of labor employment, optimizing the second industry structure, promoting the development of the third industry, and extending space to absorb labor force, to achieve dual goals of three industry interaction and increase the employment.