农户对殡葬用地制度满意度及其改革接受意愿分析——以辽宁省为例

FARMERS′ SATISFACTION TO FUNERAL LAND SYSTEM AND WILLINGNESS TO THE REFORM POLICY——A CASE STUDY IN LIAONING PROVINCE

关键词:  农户对殡葬用地制度满意度及其改革接受意愿分析——以辽宁省为例

Key words:  rural funeral land  migrate grave  farmers′ willing  public welfare cemetery  compensation measures  increase and decrease

摘要:

［目的］我国农村殡葬用地存在较多的问题，不断占用耕地，造成耕地实际面积减少与有效利用率下降，同时影响机械化，而农民无处可葬与生态型公墓使用率低产生冲突，建议将耕地中墓葬地减少与生态型公墓增加相互挂钩，而挂钩的基础则为农户意愿。［方法］因此该研究以辽宁省5个县区为研究对象，通过座谈走访、实地测量，调查辽宁省农村殡葬用地利用现状，分析农户对现有殡葬用地制度的满意度及其改革接受意愿。［结果］研究表明：辽宁省农村殡葬用地每年新增面积约164.89hm2，占用耕地面积50.46hm2； 其中农户的年龄和经济条件对殡葬用地的影响最大，农户对现有农村殡葬用地满意度为74.21%，愿意迁坟的比例为46.00%。其中年龄段在60岁以上者最不满意当前的殡葬状态，愿意迁坟，而对于迁坟与否或是否使用公墓最重要的影响因素在于农户经济条件，经济条件较好使用公墓意愿最低，其次是经济条件较低者，经济条件中等者使用公墓意愿最高。［结论］建议在实施殡葬用地改革时，根据农民意愿，制定合理补偿标准，尊重农民意愿，建立增减挂钩机制，科学规划，合理改革，提供农民接受性较高的殡葬用地改革方案。

Abstract:

With the household responsibility system population growth and urbanization development, the utilization of rural land is increasing. The funeral of rural land resettlement occupied agricultural land, resulting in the cute conflicts between funeral rural land and agricultural land. Therefore, taking five counties in Liaoning Province as the research objects, through the discussion visits, field measurements, and investigation, this paper analyzed the farmers′ willingness to the existing funeral policy. The results showed: the rural funeral land in Liaoning province annually increased average 164.89 hm2, occupying the arable land of 50.46 hm2. The households′ age and economic conditions had the largest effects on the rural funeral land. The farmers′ satisfaction was 74.21% and affected by the farmers′ income and age. The old people above 60 were unsatisfied with the funeral status and willing to migrate the graves. Those who had good economic condition were unwilling to use public cemetery. Finally, it put forward some suggestions on the rural funeral reform, such as following the wishes of farmers, developing reasonable compensation standards, establishing public cemetery adjusting mechanism, and proposing the reasonable and acceptable reform advice by scientific planning.