北戴河新区耕地景观生态安全时空变化研究

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES OF CULTIVATED LAND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL SECURITY IN BEIDAIHE NEW DISTRICT

关键词:  耕地 景观生态安全指数 景观生态安全重心 时空变化 北戴河新区

Key words:  cultivated land  landscape ecological security index  landscape ecological security center of gravity  temporal and spatial  Beidaihe new district

摘要:

［目的］分析北戴河新区耕地景观生态安全，试图找出其格局变化规律和变化原因，以期为北戴河新区制定耕地保护对策提供借鉴。［方法］文章选取景观指数建立耕地景观生态安全评价模型，分析北戴河新区1991年、2001年及2013年的耕地景观生态安全时空变化特征，在此基础上，分析了耕地景观生态安全重心变动轨迹，进一步分析耕地景观生态安全的时空变化规律。［结果］研究表明：1991～2013年间，1991年为0.647 6，2001年为0.593 9，2013年为0.527 6；其逐年下降原因主要是人类活动加剧导致耕地景观连通性下降，耕地景观生态安全程度分布不均衡，各安全指数级别出现相互转化的现象；耕地景观生态安全重心总体呈现向东北部移动的变化规律，1991～2001年移动距离为4.06km，2001～2013年动距离为1.43km。［结论］（1）北戴河新区耕地景观生态安全指数从1991～2013年持续下降且下降幅度不断增大，耕地景观生态安全受到威胁；（2）北戴河新区的耕地景观生态安全空间分布不均衡，安全程度不稳定；（3）利用景观格局分析耕地安全的研究方法可行。

Abstract:

The study of cultivated land landscape security is significant to improve the quality of cultivated land, protect the safety of cultivated land and guarantee the economic development. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for the Beidaihe New District to develop the strategy of cultivated land protection. In this study, the operation model of landscape security was constructed to analyze the special and temporal changes of the landscape security in the New District of Beidaihe in 1991, 2001 and 2013. And then, the change of the center of gravity of cultivated land ecological security was analyzed, and the temporal and spatial variation of cultivated land landscape ecological security was further analyzed. The results indicated that, the ecological security index continued to decline from 1991 to 2013, due to the decline of cultivated land landscape connectivity causing by the increasing human activities. The landscape ecological security index was 0.6476 in 1991, 0.5939 in 2001 and 0.5276 in 2013. The distribution of the cultivated land ecological security degree was not balanced, which moved to the northeast with the displacement distance 4.06km from 1991 to 2001, and 1.43km from 2001 to 2013. It concluded that (1) the farmland landscape ecological security in Beidaihe New District was threatened; (2) the spatial distribution of landscape ecological security was uneven, and the safety degree was unstable; (3) the method of landscape pattern to analyze the cultivated land security was feasible.