农业生态补偿长效机制建设研究——以苏州为例

LONG-TERM MECHANISM CONSTRUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION——TAKING SUZHOU AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  苏州 农业生态补偿 长效机制 补偿资金 补偿方式

Key words:  Suzhou  agricultural ecological compensation  long-term mechanism  compensation funds  compensation mode

摘要:

［目的］农业生态补偿有两大基本原则，即污染者付费与受益者付费，我国以政府买单为主的实践方式不可持续，农业生态补偿长效机制构建有助于农业生态区域环境保护与社会经济的持续发展。［方法］从公共产品理论、外部性理论、生态价值理论论证实施农业生态补偿的必要性，运用DPSIR模型阐述农业生态补偿产生的必然性。［结果］通过对苏州农业生态补偿实施情况的总结，发现苏州市在农田、水源地、湿地、公益林保护等农业生态补偿方面取得了一定成效，但政府主导的农业补偿模式存在补偿主体单一、补偿标准研究滞后、长效机制欠缺等问题。［结论］基于此，提出苏州生态补偿长效机制建设的思路：一是完善苏州农业生态补偿主体和方式的选取以及标准的制定，二是通过优化生态补偿资金支付方式与使用途径，将农业生态旅游、休闲农业等环境友好型产业纳入农业生态补偿的范畴，引导并推动其形成新的产业增长点，三是从行政激励、法制建设、政策保障、氛围营造等方面完善苏州农业生态补偿保障体系，最终形成苏州农业生态补偿长效机制。

Abstract:

Agricultural ecological compensation has two basic principles, i.e., the polluters pay and beneficiary pays. The mode which China government pays is not sustainable. The construction of the agriculture ecological compensation long-term mechanism is helpful to the agricultural regional ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of social economic. Based on the public goods theory, externality theory, ecological value theory and DPSIR model, this paper demonstrated the necessity and inevitability of implementing agricultural ecological compensation, summarized the implementation of agricultural ecological compensation in Suzhou. The results showed that it had obtained certain achievements in the farmland, water source, wetland, public welfare forest protection, but there were still some problems such as single compensation subject single, lag compensation research, and lack of long-term mechanism. Finally, it put forward the countermeasures for the construction of the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation in Suzhou, including improving ecological compensation subject and standard, optimizing the ecological compensation funds payment and way to bring environmental friendly industries such as the agricultural ecological tourism and leisure agriculture into the category of agricultural ecological compensation, and perfecting the agricultural ecological compensation system from the administrative incentives, legal system construction, policy support, atmosphere and other aspects.