日本农地改良事业做法及对我国的启示

PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE OF JAPANESE LAND REFORMATION

关键词:  日本 农地改良 主要做法 借鉴 启示

Key words:  Japan  land reformation  experience  reference  enlightenment

摘要:

［目的］日本的农地改良事业起步较早且成效显著，总结日本在农地改良事业方面的做法对推动我国高标准农田建设、保障国家粮食安全具有重要参考价值。［方法］文章以大量一手调研资料和数据为依据，梳理分析了日本农地改良事业的发展阶段和成效，总结了日本农地改良在法律保障、政府管理、计划评估、技术支撑及实施主体方面的主要做法。［结果］立足中国高标准农田建设的实际情况，提出4点启示与建议：（1）将高标准农田建设统一到农业部门管理，提高政府决策和资金使用效率。（2）发挥农户在高标准农田建设中主体作用，明确农户在高标准农田建设中的责任和义务。（3）加强对高标准农田建成后的管理与维护，按照“谁受益、谁管护”的原则，明确管护主体、管护责任和管护义务。（4）提高政府对高标准农田建设的投资强度，提高高标准农田面积比例，增加单位面积投资标准，提高田间基础设施使用寿命。［结论］日本农地改良事业的做法及启示对我国农业生产和发展有着重要意义。

Abstract:

Compared with China, the land reformation in Japan started earlier and achieved remarkable results. To summarize the experience of Japanese land reformation has important reference value for Chinese constructing high-standard basic farmland, and ensuring national food security. Based on survey data, this article analyzed the development stage and achievement of Japanese land reformation, summarized the experiences of Japanese land reformation in legal protection, government management, project assessment, technical support, and main body of implementation. The experiences included five aspects, i.e., special laws had been enacted to protect and regulate Japanese land reformation, the unified management agency had been set up to manage the Japanese land reformation, the planning of Japanese land reformation has been made, the group of Japanese land reformation played a main role in technical support, and the construction and maintenance of reformed farmland relied on Japanese land reformation District. Finally, it put forward four suggestions according to the actual situation of Chinese construction of high-standard basic farmland, for example, unifying the management of Chinese construction of high-standard basic farmland into agriculture sector, playing the role of the main body of the farmers and clearly defining the responsibilities and obligations, strengthening the management and maintenance of Chinese construction of high-standard basic farmland according to the principle of "who benefits should take the responsibility", and increasing government investment in construction of high-standard basic farmland.