国外畜产品质量控制的措施与启示

THE MEASUREMENTS OF QUALITY CONTROLS ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND THE ENLIGHTEMENT TO CHINA

关键词:  畜产品质量 监管体系 立法体系 可追溯体系 市场准入

Key words:  livestock product quality  legal system  administration system  liability retro-act  certification system

摘要:

［目的］近年来，由于多种原因，我国畜产品质量安全事件比如瘦肉精、三聚氰胺、苏丹红等不断发生，不仅为畜产品消费者的健康和利益带来巨大隐患和损害，也严重阻碍了我国畜牧业的健康持续发展和国际竞争力的提升。［方法］文章利用文献调查法了解国际上畜产品质量控制得比较好的国家和地区比如美国、欧盟及其成员国、澳大利亚等，在多年的发展中积累的丰富的经验和先进的技术，可从多个角度为我国提供借鉴。［结果］该文首先论述和分析了美国、欧盟及其成员国（英、法、德）和澳大利亚等关于畜产品质量控制的主要措施，这些措施主要包括其完善的法律体系、合理有效的监管体系、科学的风险分析制度、认证制度和先进的质量可追溯体系等方面。［结论］以此为基础进一步提出我国今后应该建立起完善的法律体系、合理的监管体系、科学的可追溯体系和严格的市场准入制度，来进一步强化和提升我国畜产品质量控制的水平。

Abstract:

In the past ten years, food safety accident frequently happened in China, such as the Sudan red, the lean meat powder, the melamine accident, which becomes a big threat to the health of the Chinese consumers, and also a huge impediment to the development of animal husbandry of China and the enhancement of its competitiveness in the global markets. How to reduce the frequency of food safety accidents and provide livestock products with higher quality is an urgent issue in China. This paper firstly analyzed the measurements of quality controls in some foreign countries, such as U.S.A. , E.U., and Australia, where produced the best livestock products of the world, and then discussed their all-including law systems, efficient administration systems, scientific risk-analysis systems, advanced liability retro-act systems and certification systems. And then, this paper brought the measures into China to help improve the quality of livestock products. Finally, it gave some advice to strengthen the ability of quality controls in China, which included a sound law system as the prerequisite, rational administration system as the foundation, scientific liability retro-act system as the means to reduce the opportunism, and strict certification system as the efficient measurement of quality controls.