基于牧民视角的草原生态保护政策实施效果评价研究——以新疆新源县为例

ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION POLICY BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF HERDSMEN——A CASE OF XINYUAN COUNTY OF XINJIANG

关键词:  草原生态保护政策 层次分析法 实施效果评价 牧民行为

Key words:  grassland ecological protection policy  analytic hierarchy process  effect evaluation  herdsmen′s behavior

摘要:

［目的］新疆草地生态的研究极具代表性，以层次分析法评价新疆新源县现行草原生态保护政策实施效果，能客观反映政策的实施所带来的影响。［方法］以新疆新源县为例，根据具体政策实施的内容结合草原生态保护建设的特点，构建基于牧民为视角的政策实施效果评价指标体系，运用层次分析法对建立的草原生态保护政策指标指定权值，通过对新源县牧区的牧民进行调研并梳理数据和分析，客观的综合评价该地区草原生态保护政策的实施效果。［结果］生态奖补政策实施效果评价指数为0.6130，处于第4等级，说明该政策实施效果良好； 草原改良工程实施效果为0.5843，处于第3等级，说明政策实施效果一般； 两大政策综合评价指数为0.5655，处于第3等级，说明牧民对该地区的政策实施效果整体满意度为一般。需要当地政府完善生态保护政策的实施方法、改善和加大牧区生产条件和扶持力度、并有效解决牧民生计与草原生态保护过程中的矛盾，只有改善牧区生态和社会条件才能取得牧民对该政策的支持，促进草原生态与畜牧业良性发展。［结论］从牧民角度出发进行评价较为客观，该评价方法公正地评价了新源县草原生态保护政策的实施效果； 运用层次分析法对新源县草原生态保护政策政的实施效果进行评价是可行的。

Abstract:

In recent years, the shortage of grassland resources and the deterioration of grassland ecology have become more and more serious.A series of grassland ecological protection policies have been implemented in China. This study evaluated the effects of the implementation of the existing grassland ecological protection policy in Xinyuan countyby an analytic hierarchy process.According to the characteristics of specific policy implementation and combining with the characteristics of grassland ecological protection construction, this paper constructedan evaluation index system of policy implementation effect based on herders, and used the analytic hierarchy process to assign weight to establish grassland ecological protection policy index.The results showed that the effect evaluation index of ecological compensation policy was 0.6130, which was in the fourth grade and showed that the implementation of the policy was effective. The effect of the grassland improvement project was 0.5843, andthe policy comprehensive evaluation index was 0.5655, which indicated that the overall satisfaction of the herders′ effect on the implementation of the policy was general. Therefore, it needed to improve the ecological protection policy implementation methods, increase the pastoral production conditions and support efforts, effectively solve the contradictions between livelihood and grassland ecological protection, and improve pastoral ecological and social conditions in order to obtain herders on the policy support. It concluded that the AHP method was acceptableto evaluate the effect of the policy of Xinyuan county. The results can provide an effective method and have animportant reference value.