基于园林景观改造的生态化农业示范园构建实践及规划——以司马矿区为研究对象

EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE DEMONSTRATION GARDEN

关键词:  生态理念 湿地公园 农业示范园 生态园区 景观设计

Key words:  ecological concept  wetland park  agricultural demonstration garden  ecological park  landscape design

摘要:

［目的］探讨司马矿区园林景观改造对生态化农业示范园的影响，从整体的景观格局规划到具体的生态适应设计，寻找煤矿塌陷区的治理、生态系统结构的恢复途径。［方法］以山西司马矿的采煤塌陷及废弃地生态复垦工程为例，运用生态学、景观学等理论探讨煤矿塌陷区农业示范园构建原则，根据矿区的实际情况进行生态化构建定位； 应用生态网络、生态景观、生态经济、生态文化等方面的园林景观设计技术，从整体的景观格局规划到具体的生态适应设计思维，对矿区进行生态化的园林景观规划。［结果］司马矿区第一期土地复垦工程、水上公园挖淤泥及公墓区工程，第二期水上公园配套设施、公墓区配套设施、道路工程应用了生态农业示范园的设计与建设新思路并取得一定成效，待建的第三期园林绿化工程、给排水工程、开发文化资源项目及各种娱乐项目须进一步坚持生态再造的原则。［结论］塌陷区景观设计中的生态再造必须考虑人类生活、社会发展的需要，应朝着旅游业、农业等方向发展。

Abstract:

Theecological restoration in the area of over exploitation of natural coal resources is urgent in the world especially China. The landscape design is the key to carry out ecological construction, which has an important role in the development of the ecological agriculture demonstration garden. The objective of this paper is to explore the ways to manage subsidence area and restore ecological structure by the landscape planning and ecological reconstruction project.Taking the coal mining collapse and ecological reclamation of wasteland in Shanxi Sima coal mine for example, this paper explored the construction of coal mining subsidence area agriculture demonstration parkfrom the perspective of ecology and landscape, and planned the ecological landscape for the governance in mining subsidence areaaccording to the actual situation of mining area, using the methods of ecological network application, landscape ecology, ecological economy, ecological landscape culture. The results could provide new ideas and ways to solve the structure of ecosystem restoration, and also provide a scientific basis for theapplication oftechnology and experience insimilar national conditions. In particular,it was of great significance for the restoration of ecological landscape in China.