农业适度规模经营及其效益实证研究——以四川省为例

EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF AGRICULTURE MODERATE SCALE MANAGEMENT AND ITS BENEFIT——TAKING SICHUAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农业 适度规模经营 效益 实证 四川省

Key words:  agriculture  moderate scale management  benefits

摘要:

［目的］文章利用生产函数法分析农业适度规模经营影响因素，依据“成本-效益”理论建模，试图为掌握农业发展规律提供参考依据。［方法］以四川省为实证，收集2006～2015年四川省农村居民农业生产基本情况和数据形式，其中数据形式主要包含土地资本、流动资本、固定资本以及劳动资本的投入等，采用软件SPSS分析人均耕地规模指数，并根据数据分析农业规模经营适度范围，寻求四川省农村居民的最佳经营规模点Q及农业适度规模经营区间［Q1，Q2］。［结果］分析得出四川省农村居民人均耕地适度经营范围为：0.227 456～0.412 534 hm2。［结论］农业适度规模经营受多方面因素的影响，通常与土地产出弹性和劳动力工资成正比，与劳动力产出弹性及地租成反比；规模经营效益在发展农业适度规模经营过程中应注重各个方面效益的同时提高，既要追求经济效益，也要注重社会效益和生态效益，以确保整体效益的最大化。

Abstract:

With the development progress of industrialization and urbanization, the production mode taking family as a unit has not already adapted the development of modern society. The moderate scale management of agriculture developed fast in recent years. Taking Sichuan province as an example, based on the data of basic conditions of agricultural production of rural residents in Sichuan province from 2006 to 2015, including land capital, flows capital, fixed capital and labor capital investment, this paper analyzed the factors affecting agricultural scale operation using the production function and SPSS method, and summarized the implementation of appropriate scale of agricultural operation efficiency. The results showed that the optimal agricultural scale operation of per capita arable land was 0.22 ~ 0.41 hm2, which could be affected by various factors, and was usually proportional to the land output elasticity and labor wages and inversely proportional to labor output elasticity and rent. It should pay attention to not only the economic benefits, but also social benefits and ecological benefits in the process of developing agriculture moderate scale management.