农村教育水平与农业经济增长关系的实证研究——基于中国30省市的农村面板数据分析

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION LEVEL AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH—— BASED ON RURAL PANEL DATA OF 30 PROVINCES AND CITIES IN CHINA

关键词:  农村教育水平 农村劳动力资本 农业经济增长 中国农村 面板数据

Key words:  education level  human capital  agricultural economic growth  China rural  panel data

摘要:

［目的］通过实证分析农村教育水平对农业经济增长的影响，以期为未来中国农业经济可持续发展提供理论依据。［方法］文章选取除港澳台及西藏外的中国30个省市的2000～2015的数据作为研究样本，构造成一个16×30的面板数据构建面板模型，实证研究教育水平对农业经济增长的影响，并对模型进行设定检验。［结果］农村教育水平对农业经济增长有积极的促进作用。其中初中教育水平对农业经济发展的影响最大，是农业经济增长的最主要农村劳动力资本，其次是大学教育，而小学教育对农业经济增长具有阻碍作用。［结论］（1）教育水平对农业经济增长有显著的正影响。物质资本的产出弹性大于教育水平的产出弹性，表明中国农业还是典型的物质投入型增长。（2）不同教育水平在中国农业经济增长中的作用有很大的区别。其中初等教育对农业经济发展的影响最大，是农业经济增长的最主要农村劳动力资本，其次是高等教育，最弱的是中等教育。这表明我国提倡的高等人才回乡创业成效逐步显现，而中等教育人员比重较小，外流严重，对农业经济增长的贡献比较小。

Abstract:

With the acceleration of China′s urbanization process, the future development of China′s agriculture has got great attention. In 2016, China proposed to speed up the cultivation of new-type professional peasants and incorporate the cultivation of vocational peasants into the national education and training development plan. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2015, this paper studied the impact of education level on agricultural economic growth. The results showed that the education level had a significant positive impact on the growth of agricultural economy. The primary education had the greatest impact on the development of agricultural economy, which was the main source of human capital for agricultural economic growth, followed by higher education and secondary education. It indicated that the achievements to encourage high-level talents return hometown gradually emerged. But the secondary education had little contribution to the agricultural economic growth. Finally, it put forward some policy suggestions to promote the sustainable development of Chinese agricultural economy from the perspective of education.