粮食生产、生态保护与宏观调控政策

FOOD SECURITY, ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND MACROECONOMIC REGULATION POLICY

关键词:  粮食生产 生态保护 资源短 缺环境污染 气候变化 宏观调控

Key words:  food production  ecological protection  resource shortage  environmental pollution  climate change  macro regulation

摘要:

［目的］长期以来，粮食生产与生态保护一直是一对矛盾综合体，为了实现粮食安全目标，人们往往忽略对于生态的保护，通过对二者之间的相互影响机理的分析，提出更好的宏观调控政策。［方法］采用因果分析法对粮食安全框架下的粮食生产和生态保护的演进关系、影响形式和内容进行了研究，最终给出了二者协调发展的粮食宏观调控政策设计对策。［结果］首先，不合理粮食生产活动对生态环境造成的严重破坏，主要体现在水土流失、水资源浪费、化学物质的残留和生态环境的污染； 其次，被破坏的生态环境反过来影响了粮食生产的数量和质量，进而对粮食安全产生了威胁。［结论］为了保证粮食安全的目标，长期牺牲生态环境的做法已经带来了严重的后果，这种后果不仅仅表现为当前的生态失衡，更严重威胁了未来的粮食安全。因此，要充分发挥粮食宏观调控政策的作用，加强生态功能设计，具体可从建立农业自然资源保护和有效利用的制度机制、加强政府生态农业的主导型地位及投入水平、以技术进步支撑保护农业生态和粮食安全和以法律手段规范保证相应措施的顺利实施4个方面进行设计和完善。

Abstract:

For a long time, there is a contradiction between food production and ecological protection. In order to achieve the goal of food security, people ignored the ecological protection. Using the causal analysis method, this paper analyzed the evolution relationship, influencing factors, and content of grain production and ecological protection, and then proposed some solutions to design the macro-control policy. The results showed that: first, due to unreasonable agricultural production, the ecological environment was destroyed, such as soil erosion, water resource waste, soil residue of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and so on. Correspondingly, the destroyed environment had caused serious damage to the crop production. The consequences showed not only the current ecological imbalance, but also a serious threat to food security in future. Finally, it put forward some policy recommendations, such as improving the effective use of the government, establishing agricultural natural resources protection mechanism, strengthening the ecological agriculture dominant position, enhancing the protection of agricultural ecology, and designing legal means to ensure food security.