基于资源视角的农业供给侧结构性改革的路径研究

THE PATH OF STRUCTURAL REFORM OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY SIDE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RESOURCES

关键词:  水土资源 农业供给侧结构性改革 政策 路径

Key words:  water and soil resources  the structural reform of agricultural supply side  policy  path

摘要:

［目的］农业供给侧结构性改革是一个长期过程，保护水土资源，确保农产品质量安全是农业供给侧结构性改革的核心与关键。通过分析水土资源的环境形势，提出实现水土资源可持续利用，推动农业供给侧结构性改革的政策性建议。［方法］在系统梳理农业供给侧结构性改革文献的基础上，采取水土资源数量、质量两个方面的数据，全面分析了我国农业供给侧结构性改革所面临的水土资源形势。［结果］我国水资源短缺的同时，还存在着严重的污染问题，并且呈现出立体化的态势； 在快速工业化、城镇化进程中，农业生产对优质水资源的需求面临严峻挑战； 耕地资源占用呈现刚性递增，优质耕地短缺，同时，耕地土壤污染状况不容乐观。［结论］基于水土资源视角，提出了6条推动农业供给侧结构性改革的政策建议：以绿色发展理念为指导，推动农业供给侧结构性改革； 强化环保制度建设，减少对水土资源的污染； 坚持质量提升为重点，严守耕地红线； 以提高利用效率为重点，加强水资源的保护； 构建循环型农业产业体系，提高农业废弃物的综合利用水平； 建立生态补偿机制，促进水土资源保护。

Abstract:

The structural reform of agricultural supply side is a long-term process. To protect the resources of water and soil and ensure the quality safety of agricultural products is the core of the structural reform of agricultural supply side. By analysing the environmental situation of the land and water resources, the policy suggestions are put forward on promoting the reform of agricultural supply side and realizing the sustainable use of soil and water resources. Based on reviewing the literatures,this paper analyzed the utilization and protection problems of water and soil resources in China.The results showed that there was a serious water resource pollution problem which showed a three-dimensional feature. In the process of the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the demand for high quality water resources in agricultural production was facing severe challenges, i.e., the occupation of cultivated land increased gradually, the cultivated land with high quality was in short supply, and the soil pollution situation was not optimistic.Finally, the policy recommendations to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side were put forward from 6 aspects, i.e., promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side taking the concept of green development as the guide, strengthening the system construction of environmental protection to reduce the pollution of water and soil resources, ensuring the red line of cultivated land strictly taking the quality improvement as the focus, enhancing the utilization efficiency to strengthen the protection of water resources, building the industry systems of circular agriculture to improve the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes, and establishing the mechanism of ecological compensation to promote the protection of water and soil resources.