西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象

TOURISM IN SOUTHWEST MINORITY AREA——TAKING CHONGQING WULING MOUNTAIN AREA AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  西南民族地区 重庆武陵山片区 旅游扶贫 贫困农户 绩效评价

Key words:  southwest minority nationality area  Chongqing Wuling mountain area  pro-poor tourism  rural poor households  performance evaluation

摘要:

［目的］以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象，依据当地贫困人口抽样调查数据定量分析其旅游扶贫的经济、社会、环境绩效，以客观评价西南民族地区旅游扶贫开发取得的成效。［方法］采用调查分析法、统计分析法，利用长江师范学院“西南民族地区旅游扶贫”课题组在重庆武陵山片区所获得的抽样调查数据，对西南民族地区的旅游扶贫绩效进行定量评价。［结果］有超过85%的受访者表示旅游扶贫促进了当地农产品的销售， 65%的受访者认为加快了脱贫致富和带来了新的思想观念，有超过90%的受访者认为基础设施得到改善，近80%的受访者表示环境卫生得到改善。但是，也有50%的受访者认为存在飞地效应，有超过70%的受访者认为造成生活成本上升，有超过80%的受访者认为拉大了贫富差距。［结论］旅游扶贫对增加西南民族地区贫困农户收入有显著效应，生活及卫生环境得以较大改善，但也存在生活成本上升、飞地效应及贫富差距拉大等负面效应。

Abstract:

The core issue of Pro-poor-tourism (PPT) is the benefit of rural bottom-line household. Based on the data collected from a special research of PPT in the region of Chongqing Wuling mountain area, the performance was evaluated quantitatively using the method of basic and descriptive statistical analysis. Chongqing Wuling mountain area was a typical representative of southwest ethnic minority areas, which was characterized by old revolutionary base, fragile ecology and concentrated poverty. The results showed that there were good performances of pro-poor tourism projects as a whole. In the aspect of economic performance, PPT had promoted the economic and social development, increased the earnings of the rural bottom-line household, widened the channel of the local farmer′s income. In the aspect of social performance, PPT had facilitated the information communication with the outside world, which brought a new thought to the local people. In the aspect of environmental performance, PPT had massively improved the facilities and overall environment. From the attitude of further development of pro-poor tourism held by the community residents, the vast majority was positive. However, there were some negative effects, such as the rise of living costs, the low tourism income, the widening gap between the poor and the rich, and the land shortage. Therefore, it suggested to raise the participation of rural poverty, increase the beneficial rate of the communities,and utilize the local land appropriately.