河南省土地利用变化特征及其空间格局

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou Technology and Business University, Zhengzhou, Henan 451400, China

关键词:  河南省 土地变化特征 空间布局 马尔科夫模型 变化幅度

Key words:  Henan province  land change feature space  spatial distribution  Markov model  change range

摘要:

［目的］通过分析河南省2011～2016年土地利用变化特征和空间格局状况，以期为日后河南省合理开发、利用土地资源提供一定的理论指导。［方法］基于河南省土地变化特征，通过马尔科夫模型对河南省2011～2016年土地变化特征进行分析，从多个角度揭示该地区土地利用结构变化情况，并对河南省土地空间利用变化进行评价。［结果］河南省建设用地增加幅度最大，耕地、水域用地有不同程度的减少。土地空间变换主要表现为耕地和林地、水域用地、建设用地等土地类型之间的变换。由土地利用综合区可知，不同土地类型转换过程中，草地是转换比率最小的类型。［结论］河南省的各类土地利用之间的矛盾日益激烈，直接或间接地影响社会经济制度、土地政策和土地管理，因此，有必要加强开展土地资源管理和规划、保护生态环境等方面的工作。

Abstract:

The spatial structure can reflect the characteristics of land use evolution in the process of urbanization development. This paper analyzed the land change characteristics of Henan province from 2011 to 2016 by Markov model. The results showed that the increase of construction land in Henan province was the largest, the cultivated land and water area land reduced in different degrees. The land was transformed among the cultivated land and forest land, water area land, construction land and other land types. Grassland was the type of the minimum conversion ratio during the conversion of different land types. It concluded that the contraction among different land use types became more and more serious, which directly or indirectly impacted the social economy, land policy, and land management. So it was necessary to enhance the land resources management and planning, and protect ecological environment.