交通因素对黄土丘陵沟壑区空心村变迁的影响分析

THE EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC ON THE CHANGE OF HOLLOWED VILLAGES IN LOESS PLATEAU

关键词:  空心村 山地丘陵地区 交通因素 道路崎岖指数 劳动力流失

Key words:  hollowed villages  hilly area  traffic  rough road index  departure of rural labour force

摘要:

［目的］空心村的形成和发展受到众多因素的影响，包括经济因素、自然因素、社会因素、户籍和社保制度，以及管理和规划因素等。由于我国的自然地理和区域发展差异悬殊，不同地形区空心村发展的主要影响因素各不相同。文章探究在复杂地形条件下，交通因素对丘陵沟壑区空心村的产生和发展所产生的影响。［方法］以陕西省澄城县为例，通过实地调查、走访农户、搜集资料等方法，利用交通便利指数、交通距离指数等开展分析，综合考虑了道路崎岖程度、道路质量状况以及经济发展水平等，对研究区的农村空心化现象进行了研究。［结果］崎岖的道路极大地增加了居民的出行成本和时间，不利于农村的基础设施建设和发展； 在当前的社会经济条件下，黄土丘陵沟壑区农村的交通便利程度与村庄空心化程度呈现一定的负相关性，即交通条件越好，村庄的空心化程度越低。［结论］在黄土丘陵沟壑区开展空心村整治工程时，可以优先考虑交通条件较差、相对偏远的地区。

Abstract:

The formation and development of hollow village are affected by many factors, such as economic, natural, social, management, and planning factors. Because of the great disparity of natural geography and regional development in China, the main influencing factors of the development of hollow village in different terrain areas are different. This paper explored the influence of traffic factors on the emergence and development of hollow villages in Hilly and gully areas under complicated terrain conditions. Taking Chengcheng County, Shaanxi as an example, it analysed the effects of hollowed villages traffic convenience index and traffic distance index, considering road bumpy index, road grade, and the development of economics. Rough Road Index (RI) was measured by dividing the actual distance and the straight line distance from local to the county. Travelling Time Index (TI) was measured by dividing the mean actual time costs by bus, or by bicycles with expected time costs by cars. Economic Driving Index (EDI) was measured by dividing the mean income for urban residents and rural residents. Labour Proportion (LP) was calculated by dividing the population of 16-60 with the entire population, which reflected the degree of village hollowing. The results showed that traffic deeply affected the social development. Rough road increase much more time and costs for villagers to get medical treatment service, education, cultural services. The inconvenience of traffic slowed down the social, economic, and ecological sustainability of these villages. The investment in the hollowed villages showed a low efficiency. It concluded that when carrying out the hollowed villages′ land consolidation projects in the loess plateau, the villages with the bad geomorphological and communication conditions should be a priority.