基于投影寻踪方法的粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效研究——基于湖北、湖南、黑龙江3省的调查

PERFORMANCE OF COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN MAJOR GRAIN-PRODUCING AREAS——BASED ON SURVEY OF HUBEI, HUNAN, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCES

关键词:  农民用水合作组织 用水户协会 绩效评价 投影寻踪分类模型 湖北 湖南 黑龙江

Key words:  farmers′ water cooperation organization  water user association  performance evaluation  projection pursuit classification model  Hubei  Hunan  Heilongjiang

摘要:

［目的］农民用水合作组织是我国灌溉管理制度改革的产物，农民用水合作组织的建立改进了农村水利管理的方式，提高了灌溉管理过程中水资源的利用率。［方法］通过构建粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效评价指标体系，建立基于实数编码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪分类模型，对湖北、湖南、黑龙江等3省61家农民用水合作组织的绩效进行了实证分析。［结果］粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效水平总体较好，在所调查的61家农民用水合作组织中， 27.1%的农民用水合作组织绩效为优秀， 28.8%绩效良好， 13.6%绩效一般， 30.5%绩效较差。［结论］总体上来看，湖南、湖北等2省农民用水合作组织的绩效高于黑龙江。是否有产权、农户参与率、是否民主决策、培训次数、农户满意度、单位面积灌水量和水费收取率等指标对农民用水合作组织绩效影响最大。因此,政府适当放权，选取恰当的扶持方式，提升农户的认识，推广好的农民用水合作组织发展模式是提高农民用水合作组织绩效的有效途径。

Abstract:

Water-using cooperative is a product of irrigation system reforming in China, which improves the management method and efficiency of water conservancy management in rural areas. This paper built an evaluating system for cooperation organization in major grain producing areas in Hubei, Hunan, Heilongjiang province, studied the performance of the sixty-one farmers′ water cooperation organizations using projection pursuit classification model based on real-coded accelerate genetic algorithm. The results showed that the performance of farmers′ water cooperation organization in major grain-producing areas was good, the ratios of the excellent, good, general, and low performance were 27.1%, 28.8%,13.6%, and 30.5%, respectively. It was better in Hunan and Hubei province, but low in Heilongjiang province. The factors such as whether to have property rights of water using cooperatives, farmers participation in the management, decision process of the water using cooperatives, training for members, irrigation efficiency on arable and charge rate on water using, all had effects on the performance of farmers′ water cooperation organization. It should use appropriate decentralization and select the appropriate way of government support, improve the understanding of farmers for water using cooperatives, and popularize good development models of farmers′ water cooperative organization, to promote the performance of farmers′ water cooperation organization in major grain-producing areas.