我国大豆产业发展战略规划研究

THE STRATEGIC PLANNING OF SOYBEAN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

关键词:  大豆产业 战略规划 产业定位 产业发展模式 非转基因大豆

Key words:  soybean industry  strategic planning  industry positioning  industry development model  non-transgenic soybean

摘要:

［目的］从产业定位、发展方向和发展模式等3个层面和研发、种植、加工、消费等4个领域提出我国大豆产业发展战略规划思路和具体内容，为政府制定全面、系统的大豆产业支持政策提供参考。［方法］运用统计分析和数据对比的定量研究方法，选取美国农业部和我国农业统计年鉴1996年以来的大豆产业相关数据，分析我国大豆产业在国内市场开放和进口转基因大豆双重冲击下逐步沦陷的原因； 运用逻辑推理和归纳演义的定性研究方法，针对目前我国大豆产业发展存在的问题，结合我国“十三五”规划提出的粮食安全战略及《全国种植业结构调整规划（2016-2020年）》对大豆种植业支持政策，提出我国大豆产业发展战略规划。［结果］大豆产业是横跨农业、工业、服务业三次产业，同时具有经济属性、政治属性、社会属性的关系国计民生的重要产业，这些产业特点要求政府在考虑经济利益的同时，兼顾政治利益、社会利益和长远利益，制定能够整合大豆产业价值链中各环节资源和协调各方利益关系的全局性战略规划，准确进行产业定位，明确大豆产业未来发展方向，合理选择大豆产业发展模式。［结论］鉴于大豆产业对我国粮食安全、经济增长和社会稳定等具有重要的战略意义，首先，应将大豆产业定位为战略性资源类产业； 其次，在大豆产业发展方向上，重点培育大豆优势品种，分区域种植不同品质的优质大豆，支持企业开发大豆精深加工产品，提高大豆精深加工技术水平，增强消费者对非转基因大豆价值认知； 最后，在产业发展模式选择上，扶持有能力的粮农企业采取大豆全产业一体化经营模式和推行大豆产业循环经济发展模式。

Abstract:

This paper proposed the strategic planning and specific content of domestic soybean industry development from three aspects, i.e., industry orientation, development direction and mode, and from four domains, i.e., research, planting, processing and consumption, so as to provide a reference for drawing up the comprehensive and systematic supporting policy of soybean industry. It chosed the soybean industry data from the USDA and China’s Agricultural Statistical Yearbook, and analyzed the failing reasons of China’s soybean industry under the influence of the opening of domestic market and the importing of transgenic soybean using the methods of statistical analysis and data comparison. Finally, combined with the China ’s food security strategy in "13th Five-Year Plan" and the soybean planting support policy in "National Structural Adjustment Plan for Planting Industry （2016-2020）", it put forward the strategic planning of soybean industry development in China. The results showed that the soybean industry had important strategic significance in food security, economic growth and social stability. It should integrate the soybean industry value chain, coordinate the relationship between the interests of all parties in the overall strategic planning, determine soybean industry future development direction, choose the soybean industry development model. Moreover, soybean industry should be positioned as a strategic resource industry to cultivate advantage soybean varieties and improve the level of soybean deep processing technology. The government should support the grain farmer with development capacity to take the integrated operation model and circular economy development model of soybean industry.