“一带一路”背景下新疆农业水土资源配置研究

AGRICULATRAL WATER AND SOIL RESOURCES ALLOCATION IN XINJIANG PROVINCE IN THE BACKGROUND OF "ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD"

关键词:  “一带一路” 农业结构 水土资源 资源配置 新疆

Key words:  One Belt and One Road  agricultural structure  water and soil resources  allocation  Xinjiang

摘要:

［目的］新疆作为“一带一路”发展战略的核心区，为新疆地区经济的发展带来了新的机遇。但如何提高农产品在国际市场上的竞争力，如何处理全区的水土等资源的合理配置是目前新疆地区面临的首要问题。［方法］文章以新疆农产品对中亚5国比较优势为背景，以2015年全区的农业投入产出情况作为基础数据，采用线性规划模型，借助Matlab软件进行求解，对新疆地区的水土资源进行有效分配，以全区的农业结构优化方案作为表现形式。［结果］新疆地区应减少小麦、玉米、棉花等效益较低、耗水较高、用工较多的作物种植面积，增加大豆、马铃薯等可套种、可抗旱且收益较高的作物种植面积，增大葵花、蔬菜、果用瓜、苜蓿等经济作物种植面积。同时，该地区应扩大畜牧业的养殖数量，并增加饲草的来源。［结论］基于“一带一路”倡议，新疆需充分利用地缘优势，以经济效益最大化为发展目标，对全区农业结构进行优化调整，以达到水、土等资源的合理配置，最终推动新疆地区与中亚5国的农产品贸易良好发展。

Abstract:

Xinjiang has been designated as one of the "One Belt and One Road" core areas, and brought new opportunities for the development of Xinjiang’s economy. However, how to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, and deal with the region’s water and soil resources such as the rational allocation of Xinjiang is currently the primary problem. Based on the comparison of Xinjiang’s agricultural products with the comparative advantages of five countries in Central Asia, this paper takes agricultural input and output situation in 2015 as the basic data, and uses the linear programming model to solve the water and soil resources in Xinjiang by using Matlab software, and the region’s agricultural structure optimization program as a form of expression. The results show that Xinjiang should reduce wheat, maize, cotton and other crops acreage, which the benefits are lower, the water consumption is higher, the spend more artificial crops of acreage. Increase soybean, potato and other intercropping, drought and high yield crop area, while increasing sunflower, vegetables, and melons as fruit, alfalfa and other cash crops acreage. At the same time, the region should expand the number of livestock farming and increase the source of forage. So the agricultural structure adjustment considering the advantage to Central Asia can promote the rationality of resources allocation in Xinjiang province, and help the development of the international trade between Xinjiang and the five countries of Central Asia which are included in the "One Belt and One Road" areas.