基于SWOT分析的寿光市设施蔬菜减施农药对策研究

COUNTERMEASURES OF PESTICIDE REDUCTION OF FACILITY VEGETABLES IN SHOUGUANG COUNTY BASED ON SWOT ANALYSIS

关键词:  设施蔬菜 农药减施 SWOT分析法 绿色防控 对策措施

Key words:  facility vegetables  pesticide reduction  SWOT analysis  green prevention and control  countermeasures

摘要:

［目的］农药作为蔬菜生产中主要的投入品，在杀虫灭菌、控草护田、生长调节等方面发挥着重要作用，对于保障蔬菜供给意义重大。但是在设施蔬菜种植过程中，由于不合理、过量施用农药导致出现部分蔬菜产品农残超标、农药污染农田生态环境等问题，推进农药减施刻不容缓。［方法］文章运用SWOT分析方法研究寿光市设施蔬菜种植中减施农药的内外部条件，根据有利因素和不利因素调整发展思路，改善农药的不合理使用现状。［结果］通过分析发现，寿光市设施蔬菜种植中减施农药的优势是资源条件好、农户蔬菜种植经验丰富、安全用药意识高； 劣势是病虫害抗药性渐强、农户传统的用药习惯根深蒂固且减施农药意愿低； 机遇是消费者的需求升级、科学技术水平提高以及相关减施政策实施； 挑战是当前市场竞争激烈且政府监管欠佳。［结论］推进设施蔬菜农药减施应采取以下对策：（1）统防统治与绿色防控技术并举，保障蔬菜的质量安全和生物多样性的发展； （2）提升意识与科学用药并重，促进当地蔬菜生产稳定发展； （3）政府监管与信息共享统筹，规范农资市场和农产品市场的交易行为； （4）农业保险与农业补贴兼顾，建立起适度超前、开放灵活政策保障体系。

Abstract:

Pesticides are vital inputs for vegetable production and ensuring sufficient vegetable supply. However, unreasonable use and overuse of pesticides in facility vegetable production had caused some severe problems, such as pesticides residue exceeding standards and contamination of farmland environment. SWOT analysis was used to study internal and external conditions for pesticide reduction of facility vegetables in Shouguang county, Shandong province. Development ideas were adjusted according to favorable and unfavorable factors aiming to change the irrational situation of pesticide use. The results showed that the strengths for pesticide reduction were superior resource conditions, and local farmers with high awareness of safe use of pesticides. Weaknesses included the evolved pests and pathogens with resistance to pesticides, and local farmers with low willingness to reduce pesticide. Upgrading of consumer demands, improvement of technology and policies on pesticide reduction were opportunities. Threats were from fierce market competition and poor government regulation. It put forward some countermeasures to promote pesticide reduction in facility vegetable production. First, specialized unified prevention service should be used in conjunction with green prevention technology in order to guarantee safety of vegetable products and protect biodiversity. Second, enhancement of understanding and scientific use of pesticide should be paid equal attention to promote steady development of local vegetable production. Third, government supervision and information sharing should be coordinated to standardize agricultural material market and transactions in agricultural product market. Finally, agricultural insurance and subsidy should be balanced in order to set up a security policy system, which was moderately advanced, open and flexible.