基于能力贫困理论的新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困分析

ANALYSIS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY OF THE MAIN NATIONALITIES IN CONTIGUOUS POVERTY-STRICKEN AREAS OF XINJIANG BASED ON THE ABILITY POVERTY THEORY

关键词:  多维贫困 AF法 民族 连片特困地区 新疆

Key words:  multidimensional poverty  AF method  nation  contiguous poverty-stricken areas  Xinjiang

摘要:

［目的］考察新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困的程度和特征，为新时期精准扶贫、精准脱贫提供有价值的参考。［方法］基于能力贫困理论构建新疆连片特困地区多维贫困识别指标体系，利用AF法，基于新疆连片特困地区农户生计调研数据测度汉族、维吾尔族、柯尔克孜族多维贫困的程度，利用对比分析的方法，并结合当地实际情况研究各主要民族多维贫困的特征，剖析其产生原因。［结果］连片特困地区各主要民族都面临着多维贫困问题，且非收入贫困比收入贫困严重； 与汉族相比，维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的多维贫困覆盖率高，贫困程度严重；从各维度对多维贫困指数的贡献率来看，汉族的教育维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献最大，维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的收入、教育和健康维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献较大。［结论］收入低下和人力资本积累不足是新疆连片特困地区主要民族摆脱多维贫困的重要障碍，新时期反贫困工作应充分考虑各主要民族贫困的差异性和多维性特征，尤其要重视从人力资本方面提升贫困人口的自我发展能力。

Abstract:

To investigate the degree and characteristics of multidimensional poverty of the major ethnic groups in the contiguous poverty-stricken areas of Xinjiang is of great significance for the precision poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation in the new era. Based on the theory of capacity poverty, this paper constructed a multi-dimensional poverty identification index system in contiguous poverty stricken areas of Xinjiang, measured the multidimensional poverty degree of the Han, Uygur and Kirgiz using AF method and field survey data, and analyzed the characteristics of the multidimensional poverty of the major ethnic groups and causes. The results showed that the major ethnic groups in the contiguous poverty-stricken areas were facing with multidimensional poverty problems, and non-income poverty was more serious than income poverty. Multidimensional poverty coverage rate and the severity of poverty of Uygur and Kirgiz were higher compared with Han due to education and health dimensions of poverty of Uygur and Kirgiz. Low income and insufficient accumulation of human capital were the major obstacles to stay away from multidimensional poverty. In the new era, the poverty alleviation should take full account of the differences and multidimensional features of the major ethnic groups, the government should pay attention to improve the ability of self-development of the poor from the perspective of human capital.