基于农户土地利用行为的农业生态安全评价——以奇台县为例

EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT BASED ON FARMERS' LAND USE BEHAVIOR——A CASE STUDY OF QITAI COUNTY

关键词:  农户 土地利用行为 P-S-R农业生态安全评价 奇台县

Key words:  farmers  land use behavior  P-S-R  agricultural ecological security evaluation  Qitai county

摘要:

［目的］农户作为土地利用的微观主体既是农地保护的重要承担者，也是解决农业生态环境问题的基本单元。文章从农户土地利用行为角度出发，以期构建基于农户土地利用行为的农业生态安全评价指标体系，为农业生态保护提供对策建议。［方法］以昌吉州奇台县384户农户的调查数据分析为基础，采用熵权法确定各指标权重，运用综合评价法构建基于P-S-R模型对奇台县农业生态安全进行评价。［结果］奇台县农业生态安全综合指数为0.745，农业生态环境处于一般安全的状态。［结论］农业生态环境受翻耕深度、农药使用量、森林覆盖率、化肥使用量等的影响较大；农户土地利用行为对农业生态环境有重大影响。据此，该文提出拓宽耕地保护范畴、完善耕地保护制度、实施节水工程、调控水盐平衡、完善耕地保护补贴政策等建议。

Abstract:

Farmers as the micro main body of land use are not only the important undertakers of farmland protection, but also the basic unit to solve the problem of agricultural ecological environment.Based on the land use behavior of farmers, this study constructed the agricultural ecological security evaluation index system, and provided some countermeasures for agricultural ecological protection.Based on the data of 384 households in Qitai county, Changji, it used the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each index, and constructed the P-S-R model based on the farmers' land use behavior to evaluate the agricultural ecological security. The results showed that the agricultural ecological security composite index was 0.745, indicating the agricultural ecological environment was in a state of general safety. The depth of tillage, pesticide use, forest coverage, fertilizer use, etc., had strong influences on the agricultural ecological environment; Farmers' land use behavior had a significant effect on agricultural ecological environment. Finally, it proposed to broaden the scope of cultivated land protection, perfect the protection system of arable land, implement the water saving project, regulate the balance of water and salt, and improve the subsidy policy of cultivated land protection.