基于化肥减量化管理的农业清洁生产多方联动机制框架研究

MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS COLLABORATIVE ACTION MECHANISM FRAME WORK FOR CLEAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BASED ON CHEMICAL FERTILIZER REDUCTION CONTROLLING

关键词:  化肥减量化 多方参与 利益相关方 多方联动 机制

Key words:  chemical fertilizer reduction  multi-stakeholders' participation  stakeholders  collaborative action  mechanism

摘要:

［目的］化肥减量增效是实现农业可持续发展的关键举措和优先任务，文章首先基于环境经济学的外部性理论分析与国内外研究现状综述，提出了新形势下基于利益相关方的视角开展化肥减量化管理多方联动机制研究的必要性。［方法］为构建有效的多方联动机制，需要全面了解利益相关方参与化肥减量化管理的现状与主要问题，该文实地调研了普通农户、新型经营主体的耕地保护意识、地力改善意识、清洁生产支付意愿和对政府的主要利益诉求并对其做了对比分析，同时通过关键人物访谈了解基层农技部门、有机肥生产企业在化肥减量过程中面临的主要困难。［结果］构建了化肥减量化管理多方联动机制框架，具体包括肥料生产与使用监管机制、耕地保护责任追究机制、化肥减量化技术推广机制、农业清洁生产补贴机制和绿色农产品消费引导机制等。［结论］结合当前农业供给侧结构性改革的政策背景，强调通过综合运用规范性、激励性和市场性政策工具和手段，建立有效的化肥减量化管理多方联动机制是实现化肥减量增效和农业可持续发展的必然要求。此外，该文补充强调了当前化肥减量应坚持用地、养地相结合，化肥、有机肥配合使用，在保持和改善当前地力水平的前提下，通过提质增效来确保粮食安全、农民增收。

Abstract:

Chemical fertilizer reduction control is the key action and priority task to realize sustainable development of agricultural. The reason why we need a multiple-stakeholder's participation mechanism for chemical fertilizer reduction was demonstrated firstly through environmental economic analysis and abundant international research review. In order to construct an effective collaborative action mechanism for chemical fertilizer reduction by learning about the status and key problems of related stakeholders' involvement in the whole process, on-site investigation on common farmers and new operational entities was conducted on the common issues and different aspects during arable land conservation, land quality improvement, clean production payment-will and support required from the government. Meanwhile, it was also known that the major difficulties for local agricultural technology support authorities and organic fertilizer production companies through key person face-to-face interviews. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the multi-stakeholders' collaborative mechanism framework was finally structured including fertilizer production and use monitoring mechanism, arable land conservation duty mechanism, reduction technology promotion mechanism, clean production compensation mechanism and green production consumption guiding mechanism. Finally, it concluded that the effective multi-stakeholders' collaborative action mechanism with integrated policy portfolio covering regulations, incentives and marketing tool were necessary and important to realize chemical fertilizer reduction and sustainable development of agriculture under the national supply-side structural reform policy background. Besides, it was necessary to combine the use of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer so as to get the win-win solution for land use and land conservation at present to keep national food security and farmers income.