陕西省节约型乡土园林植物资源调查及其应用

INVESTIGATION ON ECONOMICAL NATIVE LANDSCAPE PLANTS IN SHANXI PROVINCE AND ITS APPLICATION

关键词:  节约 乡土植物 园林应用 种植比例 陕西省

Key words:  economy  native plants  garden application  planting proportion  Shanxi

摘要:

［目的］针对陕西省的节约型乡土园林植物资源展开调查，分析节约型乡土植物在园林规划和建设中的应用，以期为陕西省乡土植物应用于园林建设提供借鉴。［方法］文章采用实地调查法和专家咨询法，并结合查阅相关资料确定园区内的节约型乡土植物种类。根据园区记录的苗木种类和各自栽植数量采用统计分析法计算不同分类植物分别在8个园区同类植物中的使用占比。［结果］陕西省节约型乡土植物大约有53种，其中常绿乔木7种、落叶乔木15种、常绿灌木7种、落叶灌木16种、藤本植物3种、竹类2种、水生植物3种。常绿乔木主要涉及松科和柏科，落叶乔木包括漆树科、槭树科、杨柳科、木兰科、蝶形花科等，常绿灌木主要涉及黄杨科和小檗科，落叶灌木主要涉及蔷薇科和木樨科。经过对7个分组的节约型乡土植物在8个园林中分别占同类植物的种植比例的统计结果表明，节约型藤本植物和水生植物的占比远高于其他5个分组，常绿乔木、落叶乔木、常绿灌木、落叶灌木和竹类的占比分别介于43%~64%、52%~62%、41%~49%、50%~53%和50%~65%之间。［结论］陕西省节约型乡土植物种类包含30余科，这些植物普遍具有良好的环境适应性，且后期易于养护和管理。该类植物常作为本底植物在园林中使用，可在一定程度节省栽植和管理费用，达到节约型园林建设的目的。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the conservation of native landscape plants in Shanxi and to analyze the application of conservation-oriented native plants in landscape planning and construction in order to provide references for the application of native plants in Shanxi. This paper used the method of field survey and expert consultation, combined with referring to relevant information to determine the type of economically conserved native plants in the park. Statistical analysis was used to calculate the proportion of different species of plants in the eight plants of the same type according to the types of seedlings and their respective numbers recorded in the park. The survey results showed that there are about 53 kinds of economically conserved native plants in Shanxi, including 7 kinds of evergreen trees, 15 kinds of deciduous trees, 7 kinds of evergreen shrubs, 16 kinds of deciduous shrubs, 3 kinds of vine, 2 kinds of bamboo, 3 kinds of aquatic plants. The evergreen trees are mainly related to Pinaceae and Bergenia, deciduous trees, including the bitter branch, Lacquer Branch, Maple Branch, Willow Branch, Magnoliaceae, Butterfly Flower Branch, evergreen shrubs mainly involved in the family and Berberidaceae, deciduous Shrubs mainly involve Rosaceae and Oleaceae. The results of the statistics on the proportions of economically conserved native plants in seven gardens in eight gardens show that the proportion of economically conserved liana and aquatic plants is much higher than that of the other five subgroups. The evergreen trees, the proportions of arbors, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs and bamboo ranged from 43% to 64%, 52% to 62%, 41% to 49%, 50% to 53% and 50% to 65%, respectively. There are more than 30 families of economically conserved native plants in Shanxi. These plants generally have good environmental adaptability and are easy to maintain and manage in the later stage. The plants used as background plants in gardens can save planting and management costs to a certain extent and achieve the purpose of saving gardens.