村落生产生活生态空间重构的共生路径研究——基于农户间共生界面的分析

THE RESTRUCTURING SYMBIOTIC PATHS OF RURAL PRODUCTION, LIVING AND ECONOGY SPACE——BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF SYMBIOTIC INTERFACES AMONG PEASANTS

关键词:  三生空间 村落 重构共生路径 农户共生界面 燕坝村

Key words:  "Sansheng" space  village  rural spatial restructuring path  symbiotic interface of peasant households  Yanba village

摘要:

［目的］村落三生空间重构是强化“山水林田湖草”生命共生体，实现美丽乡村建设的重要抓手。在三生空间农户共生界面特征及其存在的关键问题辨析的基础上，通过村落三生空间重构的共生路径设计，为统筹城乡发展、“以人为本”的美丽乡村建设提供可靠的理论支撑和决策参考。［方法］研究采用实地调研和农户访谈的方法获取第一手资料，并结合共生界面的属性特征建立指标体系，采用共生界面系数公式量化分析共生界面特征，总结提炼三生空间重构的共生路径。［结果］共生界面分配特性：生产空间不同类型农户间共生界面分配系数差异较大，共生关系相对不稳定；生活空间不同类型农户间共生界面分配系数差异明显，共生关系相对稳定；生态空间不同类型农户的共生界面分配系数接近，共生关系极不稳定。共生界面阻尼特性：生产空间共生界面（如劳动力、资金、技术管理等）投入、使用成本最高；生活空间共生界面（如公共空间、社区服务设施等）修复、管理成本高；生态空间共生界面（如绿化树、花坛、卫生与景观维护设施等）投入、管护、更新阻力大，成本高。［结论］三生空间重构共生路径呈现差异化特征，生产空间重构应积极培养新型职业农民队伍，加强基建配套及其管护力度，创新人地共生机制；生活空间重构应规范引导农户适度集中，完善公共服务和环境保护设施配套，改善农村社区人居环境质量；生态空间重构应统筹三生空间整体性，构建生态安全格局，提升生态景观服务功能。

Abstract:

Village spatial restructuring is the main method of constructing the beautiful village and strengthening the community of shared life which is formed by the country's mountains, rivers, forests, land, lakes and grass. From the perspective of peasant household symbiosis, this paper focused on the analysis of production, living and ecology space symbiotic interface characteristics and its key problems, and designed the restructuring path of "Sansheng" space which can provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for balancing urban and rural development and building the beautiful countryside. Based on the method of field investigation and farmers interviews, and combined with the feature of the symbiotic interface properties, the symbiotic interface coefficient formula was established and used to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of symbiotic interface, and summarize symbiosis reconstruction path of "Sansheng" space. The results showed that the distribution coefficient between different types of households in the production space varied greatly, and the symbiotic relationship was relatively unstable; There were obvious differences in the distribution coefficient between different types of households in living space, and the symbiotic relationship was relatively stable; The symbiotic relationship between the different types of households of different types of farmers was close and the symbiotic relationship was very unstable in the ecological space. Besides, the production space symbiotic interface (such as labor, capital, technical management, etc.) input and cost were the highest; The living space symbiotic interface (such as public space, community service facilities, etc.) had high management costs; The ecological space symbiotic interface (such as green tree, flower bed, sanitation and landscape maintenance facilities, etc.) input, management, update costs were high. It put forward that the production spatial restructuring should be combined with agricultural land regulation project, rationally develop the types and spatial distribution of agricultural infrastructure; the living spatial restructuring should pay attention to the innovation of "hollow village" regulation mode and the exit mechanism of rural residential land, reasonably distribute public service facilities and improve the quality of service and the sharing rate; the ecological spatial restructuring should combine the production spatial restructuring and the living spatial restructuring, and pay attention to the construction and management of green infrastructure and public sanitation and cleaning facilities.