河北省农村居民贫富差距影响因素分析

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCING FACTORS ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR IN RURAL RESIDENTS IN HEBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  农村居民 贫富差距 影响因素 层次分析法 河北省

Key words:  rural residents  rich and poor gap  influential factor  Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)  Hebei province

摘要:

［目的］探讨影响河北省农村居民贫富差距的主要因素，以期为缩小河北省的农村居民贫富差距提供借鉴。［方法］文章采用层次分析法（AHP），构建河北省农村居民贫富差距影响因素指标体系，并计算各指标权重，通过问卷调查的方式获取农民家庭根据自身状况对各指标重要性的打分值（分值范围为1~ 10），并根据权重值和打分值的乘积对各指标因素进行重要性排序，以此来分析造成河北省农村居民贫富差距的因素。［结果］在指标体系中，非农收入的权重最高，其次是家庭状况，农业收入最低。在家庭状况中，外出务工人员比例的权重值最高，农业种植技术掌握状况的权重值最低；在农业收入中，土地附加值的权重值最大，作为家庭支出的一项土地投入状况权重值最小；在非农收入中，外出务工收入占家庭收入的比重权重值最大，最小的是家庭成员工资收入。对农村居民贫富差距影响较大的前5个因素依次是：外出务工收入占家庭收入的比重、家庭经营性收入、土地承包收入、外出务工人员比例和家庭劳动力数量。［结论］河北省农村居民收入差距处于警戒线以下。非农务工收入是造成河北省农村居民贫富差距的主要原因。各种因素对不同农户间贫富差距的影响作用不同，贫富差距是多种因素共同发挥作用的结果。

Abstract:

To explore the main factors affecting the gap between rich and poor of rural residents in Hebei province, with a view to providing reference for narrowing the gap between rich and poor of rural residents in Hebei province. By using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this paper constructed an index system of influencing factors of rural poor and rich rural residents in Hebei province, calculated the weight of each index, and obtained the scoring value of peasant households on the importance of each indicator according to their own situation by means of questionnaire (scores range from 1 to 10). And according to the weight value and scoring value of the product, the importance of each index factor was sorted out to analyze the factors that caused the gap between rich and poor factors. In the indicator system, non-agricultural income had the highest weight, followed by family status and lowest agricultural income. In the family situation, the proportion of migrant workers had the highest weight value and agricultural planting technology had the lowest weight value. In agricultural income, the value of the added land value was the largest, and the weight of land input as household expenditure was the smallest. Among the non-agricultural income, the proportion of migrant workers' income in household income was the highest, and the lowest weight was the wage of family members. The top five factors that have a great impact on the gap between the rich and the poor are: the proportion of the income of the migrant workers to the income of the family, household operating income, land contract revenue, migrant workers' proportion and number of family labors. The income gap of rural residents in Hebei province was below the warning line, but it should also be taken preventive measures. Non-farm workers income was the main reason for the gap between rich and poor of rural residents in Hebei province. Various factors had different effects on the gap between rich and poor among different rural households. The gap between rich and poor was the result of many factors working together.