基于成本效益分析的地膜回收政策研究——以甘肃省景泰县为例

STUDY ON PLASTIC FILM RECYCLING POLICY BASED ON COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS——A CASE STUDY OF JINGTAI COUNTY IN GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  地膜残留 地膜回收 地膜捡拾 成本效益分析 甘肃

Key words:  plastic film residual  plastic film recycle  plastic film pickup  cost-benefit analysis  Gansu

摘要:

［目的］地膜是农业生产的重要物质资料之一，但地膜残留却极易造成严重的环境外部性影响。需提出合适的政策选择，协调农业短期经营行为与农业可持续发展的矛盾，纠正市场失灵。［方法］遵循成本效益原则，构建地膜回收的成本效益分析框架。基于地膜使用、回收的私人成本和私人收益，判断农户的行为逻辑；基于地膜使用、回收的社会成本和社会收益，提出政府的策略选择。［结果］在甘肃景泰的案例中，短期经营主体追求个人利益最大化，最优选择是保持更低的地膜捡拾率。政府代表长期经营者的利益，最优选择是引导农户到达更高的地膜捡拾率。当前，景泰5元/kg的残膜回收价格对短期经营主体产生的激励作用较为有限。［结论］地膜残留属环境外部性问题，问题的解决依赖于政府干预。政策手段的选择，应根据管理对象的不同有所差异，考虑政策的执行成本、可行性和公平性。建议政府依据“污染者付费原则”，强化对规模较大的短期经营主体的行政约束；向分散小农户提供地膜捡拾方面的公共服务。

Abstract:

Plastic film is an important material for agricultural production, but its residual can easily cause serious environmental externality. Appropriate policy options are required to coordinate the contradiction between the short-term agricultural operation and the goal of agricultural sustainable development. Based on the cost-benefit principle, this paper constructed the cost-benefit analysis framework for plastic film recycle to calculate the costs and private benefits of the use and recovery of the plastic film. And then it put forward the strategy choice of the government based on the social costs and social benefits. The results showed that the short-term management subject usually maximized their personal interests, and the best option for them was to keep the low film picking rate. The government, on behalf of the interests of long-term operators, the best option was to guide farmers reach higher plastic film picking rate. At present, 5 yuan per kilogram of residual film limited the incentive effect in driving short-term operators to get more recycling. It suggested that the choice of appropriate policy instruments should be in accordance with the characteristics of management objects, taking into account the costs of policy implementation, feasibility and fairness. The government should restrict the large-scale short-term operators according to the principle of "who pollutes, who pays", and provide public service to scattered farmers on plastic film pick-up.