农户减少化肥用量和采用有机肥的意愿研究——基于洱海流域上游面源污染防控的视角

FARMERS' WILLINGNESS TO REDUCE FERTILIZER INPUT AND ADOPT ORGANIC FERTILIZER——BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN THE UPPER REACHES OF ERHAI WATERSHED

关键词:  化肥施用 有机肥 面源污染Bivariate-Probit模型 洱海流域

Key words:  fertilizer input  organic fertilizer  non-point source pollution  Bivariate-Probit model  Erhai watershed

摘要:

［目的］过量施用化肥导致水体富营养化是造成洱海流域上游面源污染的主要原因之一，调查分析农户减少化肥用量和采用有机肥的意愿有助于了解其调整施肥结构的行为。当前研究忽视了农户减少化肥施用强度和采用有机肥的意愿间的替代性，未能开展联立研究。［方法］基于洱海流域上游397个水稻种植户的问卷调查数据，通过Bivariate-Probit模型对农户减少化肥用量和采用有机肥两种意愿进行分析。［结果］年龄负向影响农户减少化肥量的意愿，农户对有机肥好处的认知正向影响其减少化肥量的意愿，农户参加农业社会化服务对其减少化肥用量和采用有机肥的意愿均产生正向影响，相比之下，对农户采用有机肥意愿的促进作用更大。［结论］引导农户参加农业社会化服务以及加强宣传和培训，提高农户对有机肥作用的认知可能是加强其减少化肥用量和增加有机肥施用量意愿的有效途径。

Abstract:

Excessive chemical fertilizers usage and few organic fertilizers input due to unreasonable fertilizer investment structure caused water eutrophication which is one of the main reasons of non-point source pollution in the upper reaches of Erhai watershed. Organic fertilizer is found to improve soil quality and avoid water eutrophication and nitrogen pollution. However, the organic fertilizer has not yet been widely applied in China at present and current study also overlooks the substitutability between farmers' willingness to cut down fertilizer input and increase organic fertilizer input. Based on the valid questionnaire survey data of 397 rice growers from Yousuo town, Dengchuan town and Shangguan town with the random sampling selection method, this paper analyzed the factors influencing the willingness of farmers to decrease fertilizer input and to adopt organic fertilizer by Bivariate-Probit model. The result showed that farmers' age was negatively related to their willingness to decrease fertilizer input. Farmers' cognition of organic fertilizer's merits showed a positive influence on the willingness to adopt organic fertilizer. Secondly, farmers who joined the agricultural socialized service were more likely to decrease fertilizer input and use organic fertilizer. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to encourage farmers to participate the agricultural socialized service groups, and to strengthen publicity and training for increasing farmers' cognition of organic fertilizer function.