陕西农村居住地生态环境影响因素分析

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF RURAL RESIDENCE IN SHANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  农村居住地 生态环境 影响因素 措施 环境保护

Key words:  rural residential area  ecological environment  influence factor  strategy  environmental protection

摘要:

［目的］随着农村城镇化进程的加快，由此引发的农村居住地生态环境恶化已成为制约农业和农村经济可持续发展的瓶颈，加强农村居住地生态环境保护和治理，是目前亟待解决的重要问题。研究分析农村居住地生态环境影响因素，为有效改善居住地生态环境提供重要理论依据。［方法］以陕西省为主要研究区域，采用层次分析法，构建矩阵模型，研究影响陕西省农村居住地生态环境的农民因素、生产活动和政府因素3个层次，包括周边乡镇企业废物排放、农用投入品的使用、畜禽养殖业废物排放、人均消费支出、农村人均家庭纯收入、农村家庭恩格尔系数、环保意识、政府监管力度、环境保护财政支出，相关政策法规等10个因素所占权重，得到不同因素的重要性排序。［结果］乡镇企业废物排放、农用投入品的使用、农村人均家庭纯收入和农村人均消费支出是影响农村居住地生态环境的主要因素，且重要性排序为乡镇企业废物排放>农用投入品的使用>农村人均家庭纯收入>农村人均消费支出。［结论］加强乡镇企业废物排放管理和农用投入品的生产和使用审查，降低不必要的消费支出，同时为农民提供更多的就业机会，提高人均家庭村收入，是目前改善农村居住地生态环境的有效措施，为农民提供一个安全舒适的居住场所，这也将有利于农村经济的可持续发展。

Abstract:

With the accelerating process of urbanization in rural areas, the deterioration of ecological environment in rural areas has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy. Strengthening ecological environment protection and governance in rural areas is an important issue to be solved urgently. This paper tried to study and analyze the influencing factors of ecological environment in rural areas and provide a theoretical basis for effectively improving the ecological environment of residential areas. Taking Shanxi province as the main research area, AHP was used to construct the matrix model to study the peasant factors, production activities and government factors that affect the ecological environment of rural residential areas in Shanxi province, including the weight of 10 factors and different factors sort the importance of factors. The research showed that the waste discharge of rural enterprises, the use of agricultural inputs, rural household net income per capita and rural per capita consumption expenditure were the main factors affecting the ecological environment of rural residential areas, and the order of importance was the use of township and village enterprises' waste discharge>agricultural inputs>rural household net income per household>rural per capita consumer spending. Therefore, strengthening the management of waste discharge of township and village enterprises, reviewing the production and use of agricultural inputs, reducing unnecessary consumer expenditures, providing more employment opportunities for farmers, and increasing the income of per capita family villages were currently improving the ecological environment of rural residential areas. Effective measures will provide farmers with a safe and comfortable place to live, which will also benefit the sustainable development of the rural economy.