黑龙江省作物种植结构演变特点与调整对策研究

RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CROP PLANTING STRUCTURE AND ADJUSTMENT COUNTERMEASURES IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

关键词:  黑龙江省 作物种植结构 玉米 休耕 补贴

Key words:  Heilongjiang province  crop planting structure  maize  fallow  subsidy

摘要:

［目的］黑龙江省是我国重要的商品粮产地，玉米种植面积和产量名列全国第一，由于东北地区玉米库存积压严重，面临大幅度压缩玉米种植面积的严峻局面，如何调整黑龙江省的作物种植结构和发展黑龙江省玉米生产引起各方关注。［方法］文章依据面板数据总结了中华人民共和国成立以来黑龙江省作物种植结构演变特点，分析了黑龙江省作物结构调整的各方面限制因素，并结合我国农产品进出口实际，提出黑龙江省今后的作物结构调整方向。［结果］稳定粮食生产，适当增加小麦和大豆的种植面积，适当压缩玉米种植，把休耕纳入轮作体系，作为临时措施，可以大面积开展玉米休耕；适当发展经济作物和杂粮杂豆作物；有条件发展饲料牧草作物。对于非粮食作物的种植，政府应该有长远考虑，不能作为应对短期出现的玉米产大于销的权宜之计。［结论］今后黑龙江省玉米生产要立足于通过提高单产来提高效益和竞争力。政府应该为玉米休耕和种植非粮食作物提供补贴，相应补贴政策是黑龙江省此轮种植结构调整成败的关键因素。

Abstract:

Heilongjiang province is an important commodity grain producing areas in China, maize planting area and production quantity ranked first in the country. Because of serious maize overstock in Northeast region, Heilongjiang province is facing a grim situation of greatly compressed maize planting areas. How to adjust the crop planting structure and develop maize production in Heilongjiang province has aroused the high concerns from all sides. Based on panel data, this paper summarized the characteristics of crop planting structure evolution in Heilongjiang province since 1949, and analyzed the limitation of various factors for crop structural adjustment in Heilongjiang province. According to the actual situation of the import and export of agricultural products in China, this paper put forward the future direction of crop structure adjustment. The first was to stabilize grain crop production, increase the planting area of wheat and soybean appropriately, compress the maize planting properly, and put the fallow into the rotation system. The second was to develop appropriate economic crops, miscellaneous grain crops and pulse crops. For the cultivation of non-grain crops, the government should have a long-term consideration to resolve the temporary maize overproduction problem. In the future, maize production in Heilongjiang province should increase the yield and improve the efficiency and competitiveness. The government should provide subsidies for maize fallow and planting non-food crops, and the corresponding subsidy policy was the key factor for the success of planting structure adjustment in Heilongjiang province.