统筹土地确权、分等定级及征地补偿之路径

THE WAY TO INTEGRATE RURAL LAND REGISTRY, AGRICULTURAL LAND EVLUATION, AND LAND ACQUISITION COMPENSATION

关键词:  三权分置农用地综合价值评估信息化遥感移动互联网一张图

Key words:  land properties  comprehensive land evaluation  informatization  remote sensing  mobile internet  land resource map

摘要:

［目的］从土地管理实际工作中存在的问题出发，通过系统的文献综述与土地管理政策文件学习，发现当前我国土地管理信息化水平低，尤其是农村土地确权、农用地分等定级、征地补偿等工作的目标与实践并未完整统一。例如，当前农用地分等定级并未充分考虑土地的社会功能； 此外农村土地确权暂时仅针对“土地承包权”，这可能影响“三权分置”的深入实施； 进而征地补偿“补多少”、“补给谁”的问题仍然无法彻底解决。导致这些问题的根本原因在于土地管理工作的条块分割，大量基础数据获取有限，网络化的信息服务体系尚未建立等。［方法］《国土资源信息化“十三五”规划》提出了基于国土资源“一张图”发展土地管理“大数据”的战略构想，为统筹农村土地确权、农用地分等定级、征地补偿等工作提供了可行路径。［结果］从智慧农业观测与国土资源“一张图”相整合的思路出发，该文详细论述了构建以土地承包权为基础的土地管理“大数据系统”的可行方案。［结论］通过获取地块尺度、实时更新的“土地质量—土地权属—土地利用”综合信息，提高土地管理数据获取能力和信息服务能力，更好服务我国土地管理与科学研究各项工作。

Abstract:

The Chinese Ministry of Land and Natural Resources has issued The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Land Resources Informatization. It pointed out a perspective of developing a "big data" system for better land management in China based on the existing "Comprehensive Map of Land Resources". However, the current land management activities in China, such as rural land registry, agricultural land evaluation, and land acquisition compensation are relative independent to each other. It makes difficulties in aligning these works together, especially for integrating these aspects into one single management system. In this paper, we discussed the necessity of integrating rural land registry, agricultural land evaluation, and land acquisition compensation and the possibility of achieving such an integration from the perspective of informatization. A "big data" system for better land management was carried out based on a comprehensive learning of the governmental documents, a summarization of the experience yielded from existing land management practices, and a review of conclusions drawn from existing studies. It integrated all the aspects related to the research objective into a comprehensive review, and then proposed a possible solution for achieving a better land management system in China based on the development of "big data" system. The results showed that the current land management activities in China were relatively independent to each other. For example, the rural land registry didn′t take all the aspects including land use right, land contracting right, and land operational right together into consideration; and the agricultural land evaluation didn′t consider the timely inputs from the land manager′s perspective; and the applicants of land acquisition compensation were ambiguous. Such an independence of land management activities was mainly caused by the limited data acquisition, inadequate information sharing. It suggested a relatively low level of current land management informatization and implied the reason for the relatively inefficiency of land management practices in China. It proposed to develop a human-land integrated big data system for better land management, which was supported by the modern technologies such as crowd sourcing, human sensing, remote sensing and mobile internet, and combines the existing land resource maps and land registry outcomes for map visualization, data management, and data sensing, aiming to advance the comprehensive agricultural land evaluation and promote the more effective land acquisition compensation through acquiring the human-land integrated information.