北京市农村空间重构演变分析

STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF RURAL SPACE RECONSTRUCTION IN BEIJING MUNICIPALITY

关键词:  重构时空演变农村空间影响因素北京市

Key words:  reconstruction  spatial and temporal evolution  rural space  influence factor  Beijing municipality

摘要:

［目的］通过对北京市155个乡镇地区的分析，研究了北京农村地区空间重构的时空变化。［方法］基于农村空间重构理论，利用锡尔系数和ArcGIS计算法，同时运用聚类分析法，将北京农村地区的空间重构分为“起步阶段”“初级阶段”“深化阶段”及“成熟阶段”。［结果］在北京农村空间重构成熟的区域，农业呈现出多元化、商品化的形态； 工业呈现出绿色、节能的形态； 农村开发转向农村文化、农村景观方面。其中，劳动力的空间转移，使得农村地区的人口结构发生重构，进而导致社区生活环境与服务领域发生变化。在农村经济和人口结构的变化过程中，农村地方政府的角色也由公共产品的提供者和参与者，变为促进社区发展的管理者。［结论］北京农村地区的空间重构普遍受到政策和自然条件、资源禀赋的影响，农民追求价值的最大化成为农村空间重构的内部驱动力； 城乡交流所引发的观念变化成为农村空间重构的外部驱动力； 农村地区土地利用方式的转变、农村地区产业结构的演进与公共服务设施的改善是在内外驱动力作用下农村空间重构最好的体现形式。

Abstract:

This paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation trend of rural reconstruction of Beijing municipality 155 townships, based on the theory of space reconstruction and using the Theil coefficient method and ArcGIS. Then the reconstruction of Beijing rural area were divided into "the initial stage","deepening stage" and "mature stage" by using the method of cluster analysis. In rural areas, the maturity of the reconstruction of rural areas, agriculture presented a diversified, commercialized form; industry showed a green, energy-saving form; rural areas began to develop rural culture and rural landscape. Among them, the spatial transfer of labor force led the reconstruction of population structure in rural areas and changed community living environment and service field. With the change of rural economy and population structure in the process of rural areas, the role of the local government changed from early paternalism to centralization to the new era of "governance", the local government changed from providers and participants of public products to promote the development of community management. The reconstruction of Beijing rural areas was generally subject to the effects of policy and the endowment of natural resources, but the profit driven evolution of farmers′ bottom-up development become the internal driving force; and urban-rural exchange ideas become the external driving force. Besides, the best exhibition of space reconstruction included the land use transformation, the rural industrial structure evolution and public service facilities, which were driven by internal and external driving forces.