湖北省乡村旅游多元化生态补偿机制构建

CONSTRUCTION OF DIVERSIFIED ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION MECHANISM FOR RURAL TOURISM IN HUBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村旅游乡村生态环境生态补偿机制多元化湖北省

Key words:  rural tourism  rural ecological environment  ecological compensation mechanism  diversification  Hubei province

摘要:

［目的］构建湖北省乡村旅游多元化生态补偿机制，以期为湖北省乡村旅游事业的可持续发展提供支持。［方法］文章采用问卷调查法对湖北省六大乡村旅游发展热点片区的生态环境破坏情况、生态补偿主体、生态补偿的方式展开调查，根据调查结果研究构建湖北省乡村旅游多元化生态补偿机制。［结果］恩施地区生态环境破坏较严重的是生物环境，其他区域破坏较严重的均是当地的水环境。武汉、宜昌、恩施和鄂东乡村旅游区的生态补偿主体偏向于乡村旅游开发经营者，而鄂西北和江汉平原乡村旅游区的生态补偿主体偏向于游客，当地居民充当补偿主体的比例普遍偏低。武汉和江汉平原以政策补偿为主，宜昌和恩施地区以资金补偿为主，鄂东和鄂西北以物质补偿为主。［结论］湖北省六大乡村旅游发展区域生态环境均遭到不同程度的破坏，在调查的基础上构建以乡村旅游开发经营者及游客为主的补偿主体和以乡村生态环境为补偿客体的多元化生态补偿机制，该补偿机制在不同区域存在主客体和补偿方式选择的差异，这主要与区域乡村旅游发展基础和方式有关。

Abstract:

This paper established a diversified ecological compensation mechanism for rural tourism in Hubei province in order to provide data support for the sustainable development of rural tourism in Hubei province. Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the ecological environment damage, ecological compensation, and ecological compensation methods in the six hot spots of rural tourism in Hubei province. Based on the survey results, a comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism for rural tourism in Hubei province was constructed. The ecological environment in Enshi area was seriously damaged, while the local water environment that was seriously damaged in other areas. The major ecological compensation in Wuhan, Yichang, Enshi and Edong rural tourism areas is biased towards the development of rural tourism operators, while the ecological compensation in rural tourism areas in northwestern Hubei province and Jianghan plain is based towards tourists, and the proportion of local residents as compensation is generally low. Wuhan and Jianghan plain are mainly based on policy compensation, Yichang and Enshi are based on fund, and Hubei and northwestern Hubei are mainly based on material compensation. The ecological environments of the six major rural tourism development areas in Hubei province were damaged in different degrees. Based on the survey, the ecological compensation mechanism of compensation subjects based on rural tourism development operators and tourists,the compensation object of the rural ecological environment were constructed, the compensation mechanism in different regions varied between the choice of subject, object and compensation methods, which is mainly related to the basis of regional rural tourism development and methods.