基于InVEST模型的昌黎县土地利用变化对生境质量的影响研究

THE EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE ON HABITAT QUALITY IN CHANGLI COUNTY BASED ON INVEST MODEL

关键词:  InVEST模型土地利用景观格局生境质量昌黎县

Key words:  InVEST model  land use  landscape pattern  habitat quality  Changli county

摘要:

［目的］研究土地利用变化引起的生态效应已成为生态学的核心内容，评估土地利用变化引起的生境质量时空变化可以为区域生态规划和土地规划提供科学依据。［方法］文章以昌黎县为例。采用InVEST模型中的生境质量模块评估昌黎县生境质量，根据生境质量指数将生境划分为差、较差、一般、良好和优等5个等级，同时分析土地利用及景观格局的变化对生境质量产生的影响。［结果］（1） 2010～2015年，昌黎县土地利用变化主要特点为耕地资源大量减少，建设用地迅速扩张，整体景观的斑块数量及斑块密度增加，蔓延度指数减少，说明研究区整体破碎化程度增加，景观均匀度指数和多样性指数的增加，说明各景观组分所占面积比例差异变小，分布的均匀程度增大； （2）两期生境质量格局呈现为西部沿河地带和东北部区域高，生境质量指数大于06，中北部的昌黎镇以及距离城镇较近或是位于主要交通网连接处的区域生境质量较低，生境质量指数低于02，昌黎县其他地区的生境质量指数主要在04~06之间； （3）昌黎县生境质量整体处于一般水平， 2010和2015年生境质量得分在［04， 06）之间的面积分别占全县4546%和4469%， 2015年生境质量得分区间为［02， 04）、［04， 06）、［06， 08）和［08， 10）的斑块生境面积较2010年分别减少了072%、077%、024%和013%，只有最差等级［0-02）得分区间的比例较2010年增加187%，说明昌黎县整体生境质量2015年较2010年有所下降。［结论］研究结果可以为制定合理的土地管理政策提供科学依据，同时对生物多样性的保护具有一定积极的作用。

Abstract:

It has become the core content of ecology to study the ecological effects caused by land use change. To assess the temporal and spatial variation of habitat quality caused by land use change can provide a scientific basis for regional ecological planning and land planning. Taking Changli County as an example, this paper evaluated the habitat quality using the habitat quality module in InVEST model. According to habitat quality index, the habitat in Changli was divided into 5 grades: bad, poor, general, good and excellent. Meanwhile, the effects of land use and landscape pattern change on habitat quality in Changli County was analyzed. The results showed as follow:（I）the main characteristics of land use change were that the cultivated land resources decreased largely due to the rapid expansion of construction land from 2010 to 2015. The patch number and density of the whole landscape increased and the contagion index decreased, which indicated the fragmentation degree of the whole area increased. Landscape evenness index and landscape diversity index increased, which indicated the difference of area proportion of each landscape component became smaller and the uniformity of distribution increased.（II）The overall spatial pattern of habitat quality were higher along the west river and the northeast area, with the habitat quality index greater than 0.6. The low habitat quality distributed in the north central part of the county, the regions closed to the town, and the junction of major traffic network, where the quality index was lower than 0.2.（III）The overall habitat quality of Changli county was at the general level, the area ratio of the habitat quality score interval were 0.4 and 0.6 for 2010 and 2015, which were 45.46% and 44.69%, respectively. Compared with 2010, the habitat area with the quality score interval ［0.2, 0.4), ［0.4, 0.6), ［0.6, 0.8), and ［0.8, 1) in 2015 decreased by 072%, 077%, 0.24% and 0.13% respectively. Only the ratio of the worst grade ［0-0.2) increased by 1.87% over 2010. The overall habitat quality in Changli county decreased in 2015 compared with 2010. The results can provide a scientific basis for formulating reasonable land management policies, and have a positive effect on biodiversity conservation.