我国粮食生产重心转移趋势及优化研究

RESEARCH ON THE SHIFTING TREND AND OPTIMIZATION OF GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAVITY IN CHINA

关键词:  粮食重心优化生产可持续发展

Key words:  grain  gravity  optimization  production  sustainable development

摘要:

［目的］粮食的生产在一个国家的发展过程中具有重要的战略地位，是人类社会生存发展的基础。研究我国粮食的生产现状，探索优化粮食布局的措施，有利于粮食的平稳增产，更好地实现我国农业的可持续发展。［方法］文章以2006—2015年为研究时间尺度，以我国南北方为研究的地域尺度，系统分析五大类粮食作物（小麦、玉米、稻谷、豆类和薯类）及粮食总产量和种植面积的变化，探究我国粮食生产重心的转移趋势。［结果］我国玉米生产重心向北偏移，薯类和大豆生产重心向南偏移。南北方粮食总产量和种植面积显著提高，其中北方的增长速度明显高于南方，我国粮食生产的重心向北方偏移。［结论］今后，我国应注意优化粮食生产格局，引导粮食种植逐步向主产区转移，加快推进主产省份粮食的产业化发展。对于产量较低的省份，逐步淘汰单产量较低的粮食作物生产，或整合粮食种植资源，在一些城市边界引导发展乡村观光旅游。

Abstract:

Food production plays an important strategic role in the development of a country and is the basis for the survival and development of human society. Studying the current situation of China′s grain production and exploring measures to optimize grain distribution are conducive to the steady increase of grain production and realization of sustainable agricultural development in China. Based on the time scale of the study from 2006 to 2015 and the geographical scale of the study from north and south of China, the change of the total yield and planting area of the five food crops (wheat, corn, rice, beans and potatoes), as well as the total yield of grain and the change of the planting area were systematically analyzed to explore the shifting trend of China′s food production center.The results showed that China′s corn production center shifts to the north, while the production center of potato and soybean shifted to the south. The total grain production and planting area in the north and south increased significantly, and the growth rate in the north was significantly higher than that in the south, and the center of grain production in our country shifted to the north. In the future, China should pay attention to optimizing the pattern of grain production, guide the transfer of grain cultivation to the main producing areas gradually, and accelerate the industrialization of grain production in major producing provinces. For provinces with lower production, the grain crops with lower yields should be phased out, or the grain planting resources for planting foods should be integrated to guide the development of rural tourism in some urban boundaries.