柴达木地区草产业化与草牧业灾害预防机制建设的思考

THINKING ON GRASS INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION OF DISASTER PREVENTION MECHANISM OF GRASS ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN QAIDAMU AREA

关键词:  草产业灾害防范建设机制思考柴达木

Key words:  grass industry  disaster prevention  construction mechanism  thinking  Qaidam

摘要:

［目的］草牧业是柴达木地区农业主导产业，但受自然灾害影响不能安全发展，迫切需要建立草产业经济模式以实现突破。［方法］文章从草产业发展和抗灾预防角度出发，运用传统综合法，突出主导因素，分解系统，深度分析，综合平衡，统筹协调，确立草产业经济建设对策。［结果］草地经营现状是：天然草地利用过度，陷入恶性循环； 草产业建设滞后，管理缺位，致使草畜供求失衡，草牧业缺乏安全生产基础。草地建设障碍是：草地质量低，水资源利用困难，生产分散； 发展优势是：生产有一定基础，生产环境安全，草产品市场大，生产建设有潜力。［结论］提出草产业经济建设思路，指导思想：以饲草料建设为突破点，建立草产业发展与抗灾防御协调机制。建设规划：布局饲草料中心生产保障基地12处，饲草料生产保障小区5处，定向生产建设，实现草产品全覆盖辐射。建设方案：突出重点建设和优先发展区域，优化建设秩序； 开发饲草料资源，有效组织生产； 转变经营方式，以集约化替代粗放化； 建设草畜平衡协调机制，保障灾害饲草料预防需要。建设策略：聚集社会资源，共同参与建设； 建立扶助机制，优化建设环境； 搭建发展平台，强化服务功能； 强化生产管理，规范市场行为。

Abstract:

Grassland animal husbandry is the leading industry of agriculture in Qaidam area. However, due to the natural disasters, it cannot be safely complete production and it is urgent to establish grass economic management model to healthy development. From the perspective of grass industry development and disaster prevention, this paper used the traditional comprehensive method to highlight the leading factors, decompose the system, analyze in depth, balance comprehensively, coordinate as a whole, and established the countermeasures of grass economy construction. Grassland management status were like this: the overuse of natural grassland fell into a vicious circle; the lag of grass industry construction and management measures led to the imbalance between the supply and demand of herbage and livestock, and the grassland animal husbandry lacked a safe production basis. The obstacles of grassland construction were as follows: the quality of grassland was low, the utilization of water resources was difficult, and the production was scattered. The advantages of grass economic development were as follows: the production had certain foundation, the production environment was safe, the market of grass products was huge, and the production and construction had a great potential. Finally the idea of grass economy construction and guiding ideology were put forward: taking forage production and construction as a breakthrough point，establishing coordination mechanism of development and disaster prevention of grass industry. Planning and layout was established including 12 forage production center support base and 5 forage production guarantee area to organization the directed production and construction, achieving full coverage of grass products. Construction plan was made to highlight key construction and priority development areas, optimize construction order; develop forage resources, effectively organize production; change management methods from extensive management to intensive management; build the balance coordination mechanism of grass and livestock to prevent forage disaster. Grass economic construction strategy was developed to gather social and financial resources, participate in construction; establish support mechanisms to optimize the construction environment; build a development platform to enhance service functions; strengthen production management to standardize market behavior.