英国农村区域协调发展的经验与启示

THE RURAL REGIONAL COORDINATION DEVELOPMENT IN UK AND THE ENLIGHTENMNET TO CHINA

关键词:  区域协调发展英国农业农业规划乡村振兴绿色发展

Key words:  regional coordination development  agriculture in UK  agricultural planning  rural revitalization  green development

摘要:

［目的］党的十九大报告提出实施“乡村振兴战略”和“区域协调发展战略”。英国是较早实现农业现代化的国家，在区域农业开发、区域农业协调发展等方面历史较早、积累经验较多、政策的制定比较成功，这些工作方法和政策思路对我国促进农业区域协调发展具有重要的政策借鉴意义。［方法］文章回顾了英国农业发展政策和城乡关系演变历程，较为系统地总结英国现代农业特点及其区域不平衡性基础上，评述英国促进农村与农业区域协调发展的主要做法。［结果］（1）设立专项资金，加强对欠发达地区的扶持；（2）中央政府放权，赋予地方更多自主权；（3）加强小城镇基础设施建设，促进城乡协调发展； （4）鼓励规模化经营，提高农业竞争力； （5）促进乡村旅游，提升农村地区吸引力； （6）重视绿色发展，提高农业可持续能力； （7）注重农民职业培训，吸引更多年轻人从事农业； （8）加强对区域特色农业产业扶持，增强农业竞争力。［结论］提出促进我国农业农村区域协调发展的8条政策建议：坚持农业综合生产能力建设，加强农业发展宏观调控，多措并举消除地区贫困，大力推进一、二、三产业融合发展，发展区域特色产业，加强农民职业培训，加强精准综合管理，适时调整中英农业合作战略。

Abstract:

The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC put forward the implementation of rural vitalization strategy and regional coordinated development strategy. Britain is an early country to achieve agricultural modernization, and has more successful experience and earlier history in the agricultural and rural policies of regional coordinated development. These working methods and policy ideas have important significance for China to promote the agricultural regional coordination development. This paper reviewed the evolution of British agricultural development policies and urban rural relations, and systematically summarized the characteristics of modern agriculture in the UK and its regional imbalances. On this basis, the main practices of the UK to promote the coordinated development of rural and agricultural areas were analyzed including(1) setting up special funds to strengthen the support for less developed areas(2) giving local more autonomy (3) strengthening the construction of infrastructure in small towns (4) encouraging large scale management (5) promoting rural tourism (6) emphasis on green development (7) attaching importance to peasant vocational training and (8) giving more support for the characteristic agricultural industry. Then, the paper put forward policy recommendations to promote the agricultural regional coordination development in China: first, adhering to the comprehensive agricultural production capacity building; second, strengthening macro control of agricultural development; third, taking effective measures to eliminate poverty in the region; fourth, vigorously promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas; fifth, developing regional featured agricultural industries; sixth, strengthening peasants vocational training; seventh, implementing agricultural precision integrated management; eighth, adjusting the Sino British Agricultural Cooperation Strategy in a timely manner.