河南省“三生空间”分类与时空格局分析

CIASSIFICATION AND SPATIAL TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF "PRODUCTION LIVING ECOLOGICAL" SPACES IN HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  三生空间土地功能土地利用分类地理信息系统河南省

Key words:  production living ecological spaces  land function  land use classification  ARCGIS  Henan province

摘要:

［目的］“三生空间”是十八大提出的政策性指导，对河南省进行三生空间研究可为该省优化国土空间开发和“三线划定”提供参考依据。［方法］文章在探索“三生空间”理论内涵的基础上，遵循土地的多功能性原则，依据国家土地利用现状分类标准，构建了三生空间分类体系及其评价标准，运用地理信息系统中的空间分析功能揭示了1990—2015年河南省三生空间的格局及其演变特征，并对其进行了可视化表达。［结果］（1）生产空间主要分布在河南省的中北部地区，南阳市也有零星分布； 2015年每个省辖市的生产生态空间明显比1990年范围有所缩小，郑州市最为明显。其扩张区域主要分布在河南省中部地区，减少区域主要分布在各省辖市的城镇地区，其中信阳南部山地有较大区域生产空间呈减少状态。（2）生活空间主要分布在平原地区，两期生活空间基本保持一致，但是生活生产空间2015年较1990年有较明显的增加。扩大区域主要是生活生产空间，分布在各省辖市的城镇地区，郑州市扩张面积最大。（3）生态空间主要分布在西部山地和南部山地区域，两期生态空间格局基本一致，呈现出“西高、南高、东低”的格局特征。扩大区域主要集中在崂山东西两坡、伏牛山、大别山等区域； 减少区域主要在嵩山、黄河沿岸区域、桐柏山、信阳南部丘陵区域、崂山大部区域。［结论］经济的快速发展、城镇化进程的加快和人口的大量增加是河南省三生空间发生变化的主要驱动力，其中郑州市是变化最大一个地区，这是由郑州市的政治和经济地位决定的。

Abstract:

Sansheng space is the policy guideline which put forward by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and its research can provide a reference for Henan province to optimize the development of the territorial space and "demarcate the three lines". Based on the basis of exploring the connotation of "Sansheng space" and following the multi functional principle of land use, according to the national standard of land use classification, this paper constructed the Sansheng spatial classification system and evaluation criteria. Based on the ARCGIS system, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of production living ecological spaces in Henan province from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that: (1) The production spaces were mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of Henan province, and Nanyang City was sporadic. The production ecological space in each provincial municipality was obviously smaller in 2015 than in 1990 and Zhengzhou was the most obvious. The expansion areas were mainly distributed in the central region of Henan province. The shrinking areas were mainly distributed in the cities and towns. A lot of production spaces were reduced in the southern region of Xinyang mountainous areas. (2) The living spaces were mainly distributed in the plain area and almost unchanged between 1990 and 2015, but the living production spaces had obviously increased in 2015 than in 1990. The expansion of the region was living production spaces which were located in cities and towns. Zhengzhou was the largest expansion. (3) The ecological spaces were mainly distributed in the western mountainous and the southern mountainous. The ecological spatial pattern of the two phases was almost same, but showing a spatial pattern of "high in the west and south regions, while low in the east regions". The expansion areas were mainly concentrated in the east and west slope of Laoshan, Funiu Mountain, Dabie Mountain . The shrinking areas were mainly in Songshan, the coastal areas of Yellow River , Tongbai Mountain, southern hilly area of Xinyang, most of Laoshan areas. (4) The rapid economic development, the accelerated process of urbanization and population increase were the mainly driving powers to change Henan province′s production living ecological spaces. The greatest change area was Zhengzhou which depended on the political and economic status of Zhengzhou.