水稻种植示范区化肥减施增效技术采纳意愿的调查研究*——基于沙洋县问卷调查的分析

INVESTIGATION AND STUDY ON THE ADOPTION WILLINGNESS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION REDUCTION AND IMPROVE EFFICIENCY IN RICE PLANTING DEMONSTRATION AREA*——AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY IN SHAYANG COUNTY

关键词:  水稻化肥减施采纳意愿影响因素湖北

Key words:  rice  chemical fertilizer reduction  willingness to adopt  influence factor  Hubei

摘要:

［目的］化肥是农业生产不可或缺的重要要素，但长期、大量、不合理地施用化肥不仅造成了资源的浪费还给生态环境带来了沉重的负担。文章就水稻种植农户对国家倡导的“提高化肥利用率，减少化肥施用量”的采纳情况进行调查，主要是依据项目研究小组在湖北省沙洋县所做调查问卷数据的分析结果，对水稻种植农户采纳化肥减施增效技术的意愿进行研究。［方法］通过对农户关于过量施肥的认知程度、影响农户化肥种类选择的因素、影响农户化肥施用量的因素及采纳减施新技术的意愿4个方面的分析，［结果］农户对过量施肥造成的不利影响有一定的认知程度，在肥料种类及施用量选择方面有明显的影响因素、农户选择化肥减量增效新技术的意愿有经济效益前提、农户对政府推动化肥减量增效新技术扩散有更多期待。［结论］政府及农业部门应加强对农户宣传培训工作，充分发挥示范户的示范带动效应，强化顶层设计加强肥料质量管理，为进一步减低化肥施用量及水稻化肥减施增效新技术的推广披荆斩棘。

Abstract:

Chemical fertilizer is the primary indispensable factor in agricultural production, but long term, unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer not only cause the waste of resources but also imposes a heavy burden on the ecological environment. This paper was mainly about the farmers′ cognition, adoption intention and implementation of the "improving fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application". Based on the survey data analysis of project research team in Shayang County of Hubei province, the farmers′ willingness to adopt the new technology of reducing the amount of fertilizer and improving the utilization rate was studied. From four aspects of the farmers′ awareness of the excessive fertilizer application, the factors affecting the choice of farmers′ chemical fertilizer types, the factors affecting the farmers′ chemical fertilizer application rate and the adoption willingness of chemical fertilizer application reduction in rice planting. It showed that farmers had a certain cognitive level of the adverse effects caused by excessive chemical fertilizer; there were obvious influencing factors in the choice of fertilizer types and application rates; farmers′ willingness to choose new technologies for reducing fertilizers and increasing efficiency had economic benefits; farmers had more expectations for the government to promote the diffusion of new technologies for fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement. The government and agricultural departments should strengthen propaganda and training for farmers, give full play to the demonstrative driving effect of the model households, strengthen top level design and strengthen fertilizer quality management, so as to further reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application and promote the new technology of chemical fertilizer application in rice planting.