农业适度规模经营：CES生产函数下的解释

OPTIMUM-SCALE FARM MANAGEMENT:BASED ON THE INTERPRETATION OF CES PRODUCTION FUNCTION

关键词:  适度规模经营 CES生产函数弹性分析边际效应要素贡献率

Key words:  moderate scale operation  CES production function  elasticity analysis  marginal effect factor contribution rate

摘要:

［目的］经济学中经常出现这一现象，在生产要素替代关系相对微弱的情况下，经济总量水平与资源配置效果并非由最优的要素资源所决定，而是取决于最劣的要素资源。为揭示我国农业适度规模经营中是否存在“木桶效应”，［方法］利用1990—2014年国有农场相关数据，通过对CES生产函数的拓展与改良，分析了我国农业适度规模经营中的要素资源配置问题。［结果］“木桶效应”存在于我国农业适度规模经营中，土地和劳动力成为发展农业适度规模经营的“短板”要素； ［结论］虽然新型农业生产要素对粮食增量产生的作用越来越明显，然而土地资源的不可替代性以及其他要素对劳动力的替代存在边界，使得农业适度规模中的资源配置效果最终由土地和劳动力决定； 农业适度规模经营并非是追求单一生产要素的扩张，而是实现土地、劳动力、农业资本、农业机械、农资、农业科技等全要素的高效组合。

Abstract:

Under the relatively weak substitution between production factors, the economic aggregate level and resource allocation effect are not determined by the optimal resources, but they depend on the worst resources. This paper aimed to reveal whether the "Cask effect" existed in moderate scale operation of agriculture in our country. Based on the data of state owned farms from 1990 to 2014, the paper analyzed the allocation of resource elements in the moderate scale operation of agriculture by extending and improving the CES production function. The results showed that "Cask Effect" existed in the moderate scale management of agriculture in China, and land and labor became the "short board" elements of developing moderate scale management of agriculture. It was concluded that although new agricultural production factors played a more and more critical role in grain increment, these factors could not substitute the land resources and other factors had substitution boundary for labor, which finally made resource allocation effect of agricultural moderate scale decided by land and labor factors. The moderate scale management of agriculture was not a pursuit of single factor expansion, but the efficient combination of land, labor, agriculture capital, agricultural machinery, agricultural capital, agricultural science and technology and other elements.